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### Question 4:
The sides of a triangle are in the ratio \( 4:2:5 \), and the smallest side is 8 cm. We need to find the perimeter of the triangle.

#### Solution:
Let the sides of the triangle be proportional to the ratio \( 4:2:5 \). We know the smallest side is 8 cm, and this corresponds to the ratio value of 2. Therefore, the factor to multiply each part of the ratio is:

\[
\text{Factor} = \frac{8}{2} = 4
\]

Now, we calculate the lengths of the other two sides:
- The side corresponding to 4: \( 4 \times 4 = 16 \) cm
- The side corresponding to 5: \( 5 \times 4 = 20 \) cm

The perimeter \( P \) is the sum of all three sides:

\[
P = 8 + 16 + 20 = 44 \, \text{cm}
\]

Thus, the perimeter of the triangle is **44 cm**.

### Answer:
\( \boxed{\Gamma} \) (Г) 44 cm

---

### Question 5:
We need to determine the scale of a map if the distance between two locations is 18 km, and on the map, this distance is represented by a 3 cm segment.

#### Solution:
The scale is the ratio of the actual distance to the distance on the map. We calculate it as follows:

\[
\text{Scale} = \frac{\text{Actual Distance}}{\text{Map Distance}} = \frac{18 \, \text{km}}{3 \, \text{cm}} = \frac{18,000 \, \text{m}}{3 \, \text{cm}} = \frac{1,800,000 \, \text{cm}}{3 \, \text{cm}} = 600,000
\]

So, the scale of the map is **1:600,000**.

---

Would you like further clarification or additional details? Here are 5 related questions to explore:

1. What is the relationship between the sides of a triangle and its perimeter?
2. How do ratios help in solving geometry problems like the one in Question 4?
3. Can you explain how to convert different units (e.g., km to cm) in map scaling problems?
4. How would the problem in Question 5 change if the map distance was different?
5. How do you determine if a triangle with given side lengths is valid?

**Tip:** When solving ratio problems involving geometric shapes, always ensure the units of all sides are consistent before calculating the final answer.

4. Страните на триъгълник се отнасят както 4:2:5 и най-малката страна има дължина 8 см. Периметърът на триъгълника е равен на:
5. Намерете мащаба на карта, ако разстоянието между две населени места е 18 km, а на картата се изобразява с отсечка с дължина 3 см.

Learn how to find the perimeter of a triangle given side ratios (4:2:5) with the smallest side measuring 8 cm and determine the scale of a map when the real distance is 18 km, and the map distance is 3 cm. These problems cover key geometry and unit conversion concepts.

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