Math Problem Statement

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Solution

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Statistics
Measurement Error
Standard Deviation
Relative Error Percentage

Formulas

Average (Mean) Formula: \( \bar{I_{ph}} = \frac{\sum I_{ph}}{N} \)
Standard Deviation Formula: \( \Delta I_{ph} = \sqrt{\frac{\sum (I_{ph} - \bar{I_{ph}})^2}{N-1}} \)
Relative Error Percentage: \( \text{Relative Error} = \frac{\Delta I_{ph}}{\bar{I_{ph}}} \times 100\% \)

Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level