The distance in kilometres (D) of an observer from the centre of a thunderstorm can be estimated by counting the number of seconds (t) between seeing the lightning and first hearing the thunder L. 
Use the formula D=t

The distance \( D \) in kilometers of an observer from the center of a thunderstorm can be estimated by counting the number of seconds \( t \) between seeing the lightning and first hearing the thunder, using the formula:

\[ D = \frac{t}{3} \]

This formula is derived from the fact that sound travels approximately 343 meters per second (or roughly 1 kilometer in about 3 seconds) in air. So, if you count the number of seconds \( t \) between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder, dividing that number by 3 will give you the distance to the thunderstorm in kilometers.

### Example Calculation
If you see lightning and then hear thunder 9 seconds later:

\[ D = \frac{9}{3} = 3 \text{ kilometers} \]

Would you like more details on this topic or have any questions? Here are some related questions you might find interesting:

1. How does the speed of sound vary with temperature?
2. Why do we see lightning before we hear thunder?
3. What factors can affect the accuracy of this distance estimation?
4. How can you convert the distance from kilometers to miles?
5. What other methods can be used to measure the distance to a thunderstorm?

**Tip:** Remember, sound travels at different speeds depending on the medium (air, water, etc.) and conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.).

Learn how to estimate the distance to a thunderstorm using the time interval between seeing lightning and hearing thunder. Use the formula D = t / 3, where D is the distance in kilometers and t is the time in seconds. Example calculations and factors affecting accuracy are included.

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