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To solve this problem, we need to understand that **fluorite** is a compound of calcium and fluorine. The total mass of the sample is given as **78.30 g**, and the mass of calcium is given as **40.01 g**. We can now follow these steps for the parts of the problem:

### Part 1: Mass of Fluorine in the Sample
The total mass of the sample is the sum of the mass of calcium and the mass of fluorine. Thus, we can calculate the mass of fluorine by subtracting the mass of calcium from the total mass:

\[
\text{Mass of fluorine} = \text{Total mass} - \text{Mass of calcium}
\]

Substitute the given values:

\[
\text{Mass of fluorine} = 78.30 \, \text{g} - 40.01 \, \text{g} = 38.29 \, \text{g}
\]

So, the mass of fluorine in the sample is **38.29 g**.

### Part 2: Mass Fractions of Calcium and Fluorine
The mass fraction is the ratio of the mass of the element to the total mass of the compound. Therefore, the mass fraction for calcium and fluorine can be calculated as follows:

#### Mass Fraction of Calcium:
\[
\text{Mass fraction of calcium} = \frac{\text{Mass of calcium}}{\text{Total mass}} = \frac{40.01 \, \text{g}}{78.30 \, \text{g}} = 0.511
\]

#### Mass Fraction of Fluorine:
\[
\text{Mass fraction of fluorine} = \frac{\text{Mass of fluorine}}{\text{Total mass}} = \frac{38.29 \, \text{g}}{78.30 \, \text{g}} = 0.489
\]

Therefore, the mass fractions are:
- **Mass fraction of calcium** = 0.511 (or 51.1%)
- **Mass fraction of fluorine** = 0.489 (or 48.9%)

Would you like more details or further clarification on any of the steps?

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Here are 5 related questions to further your understanding:
1. What is the significance of mass fractions in chemistry?
2. How would the mass fractions change if the total mass of the sample increased but the mass of calcium remained the same?
3. How can you use the molecular formula of fluorite to calculate the theoretical mass of calcium and fluorine?
4. How do significant figures affect the accuracy of mass fraction calculations?
5. What other methods can be used to determine the composition of a compound like fluorite?

**Tip:** Always ensure that your significant figures match the precision of the data given in the problem, especially when performing subtraction or division.

Fluorite, a mineral of calcium, is a compound of the metal with fluorine. Analysis shows that a 78.30 g sample of fluorite contains 40.01 g of calcium. Calculate the following: Part 1 - Mass of fluorine in the sample. Part 2 - Mass fractions of calcium and fluorine in fluorite.

Learn how to calculate the mass of fluorine and the mass fractions of calcium and fluorine in a 78.30 g fluorite sample. This problem demonstrates key chemistry concepts, including mass fraction and the importance of significant figures. Perfect for high school students.

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