Math Problem Statement

Let f(x, y) be differentiable at the point (x0, y0). Prove that f(x, y) is continuous at (x0, y0). Hint: Consider the function ε(∆x, ∆y) = f(x0 + ∆x, y0 + ∆y) − f(x0, y0) − ∆xfx(x0, y0) − ∆yfy(x0, y0) p (∆x) 2 + (∆y) 2

Solution

To prove that f(x,y)f(x, y) is continuous at (x0,y0)(x_0, y_0), we need to show that:

lim(x,y)(x0,y0)f(x,y)=f(x0,y0)\lim_{(x, y) \to (x_0, y_0)} f(x, y) = f(x_0, y_0)

Given that f(x,y)f(x, y) is differentiable at (x0,y0)(x_0, y_0), we know the following definition holds:

f(x0+Δx,y0+Δy)=f(x0,y0)+Δxfx(x0,y0)+Δyfy(x0,y0)+ϵ(Δx,Δy)f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) = f(x_0, y0) + \Delta x f_x(x_0, y_0) + \Delta y f_y(x_0, y_0) + \epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y)

Where ϵ(Δx,Δy)\epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y) is a function that satisfies:

lim(Δx,Δy)(0,0)ϵ(Δx,Δy)(Δx)2+(Δy)2=0\lim_{(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0)} \frac{\epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y)}{\sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 + (\Delta y)^2}} = 0

This property implies that the function ϵ(Δx,Δy)\epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y) tends to zero faster than (Δx)2+(Δy)2\sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 + (\Delta y)^2} as (Δx,Δy)(0,0)(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0).

Proof of Continuity:

Let's rewrite the expression for f(x0+Δx,y0+Δy)f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) using h=(Δx)2+(Δy)2h = \sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 + (\Delta y)^2} and observe the following:

f(x0+Δx,y0+Δy)=f(x0,y0)+Δxfx(x0,y0)+Δyfy(x0,y0)+ϵ(Δx,Δy)f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) = f(x_0, y_0) + \Delta x f_x(x_0, y_0) + \Delta y f_y(x_0, y_0) + \epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y)

Now, express the above equation as:

f(x0+Δx,y0+Δy)f(x0,y0)=Δxfx(x0,y0)+Δyfy(x0,y0)+ϵ(Δx,Δy)f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) - f(x_0, y_0) = \Delta x f_x(x_0, y_0) + \Delta y f_y(x_0, y_0) + \epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y)

Taking the limit as (Δx,Δy)(0,0)(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0):

[ \lim_{(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0)} \left[ f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) - f(x_0, y_0) \right] = \lim_{(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0)} \left[ \Delta x f_x(x_0, y_0) + \Delta y f_y(x_0, y_0) + \epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y) \right] ]

Since Δx\Delta x and Δy\Delta y both approach 0, the linear terms Δxfx(x0,y0)\Delta x f_x(x_0, y_0) and Δyfy(x0,y0)\Delta y f_y(x_0, y_0) will also approach 0. Moreover, by the property of ϵ(Δx,Δy)\epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y):

lim(Δx,Δy)(0,0)ϵ(Δx,Δy)=0\lim_{(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0)} \epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y) = 0

Thus:

lim(Δx,Δy)(0,0)[f(x0+Δx,y0+Δy)f(x0,y0)]=0\lim_{(\Delta x, \Delta y) \to (0, 0)} \left[ f(x_0 + \Delta x, y_0 + \Delta y) - f(x_0, y_0) \right] = 0

This implies:

lim(x,y)(x0,y0)f(x,y)=f(x0,y0)\lim_{(x, y) \to (x_0, y_0)} f(x, y) = f(x_0, y_0)

Hence, f(x,y)f(x, y) is continuous at (x0,y0)(x_0, y_0).

Would you like further details or have any questions about this proof?

Here are some related questions:

  1. What does it mean for a function to be differentiable at a point?
  2. How does differentiability imply continuity in general?
  3. Can a function be continuous but not differentiable? Provide an example.
  4. What are partial derivatives, and how are they used in multivariable calculus?
  5. What is the significance of the function ϵ(Δx,Δy)\epsilon(\Delta x, \Delta y) in the context of differentiability?

Tip: When proving the continuity of a function at a point, consider the limit definition of continuity and explore the connection to differentiability, as it often simplifies the proof.

Ask a new question for Free

By Image

Drop file here or Click Here to upload

Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Continuity
Differentiability
Limit Definition

Formulas

Limit definition of continuity
Differentiability definition

Theorems

Differentiability implies continuity theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Advanced Undergraduate