Math Problem Statement

Construct a truth table for (p ∨ q) ∨ (∼ p ∨ ∼ r). Use T for true and F for false.

Solution

To construct a truth table for the logical expression (pq)(pr)(p \lor q) \lor (\sim p \lor \sim r), let's break it down step by step:

  1. Variables: We have three variables: pp, qq, and rr.
  2. Operators:
    • \lor stands for logical OR.
    • \sim stands for logical NOT.

Truth Table Columns:

  • First, list all possible truth values for pp, qq, and rr.
  • Next, compute intermediate expressions:
    • pqp \lor q (logical OR of pp and qq)
    • p\sim p (negation of pp)
    • r\sim r (negation of rr)
    • pr\sim p \lor \sim r (logical OR of p\sim p and r\sim r)
  • Finally, compute the full expression (pq)(pr)(p \lor q) \lor (\sim p \lor \sim r).

Step-by-Step Construction:

ppqqrrpqp \lor qp\sim pr\sim rpr\sim p \lor \sim r(pq)(pr)(p \lor q) \lor (\sim p \lor \sim r)
TTTTFFFT
TTFTFTTT
TFTTFFFT
TFFTFTTT
FTTTTFTT
FTFTTTTT
FFTFTFTT
FFFFTTTT

Explanation:

  • pqp \lor q: This column shows the result of the logical OR between pp and qq.
  • p\sim p: This column negates the value of pp.
  • r\sim r: This column negates the value of rr.
  • pr\sim p \lor \sim r: This column is the logical OR between p\sim p and r\sim r.
  • The final column, (pq)(pr)(p \lor q) \lor (\sim p \lor \sim r), is the overall logical OR between the results from pqp \lor q and pr\sim p \lor \sim r.

Would you like more details about any step?

Here are 5 follow-up questions to deepen your understanding:

  1. What is the truth table for a simple logical AND operation between two variables?
  2. How does the negation of a proposition affect its truth value?
  3. What happens to the truth table when more variables are added?
  4. Can the truth table for this expression be simplified?
  5. How can we verify logical equivalence between two expressions using truth tables?

Tip: When constructing a truth table, always double-check the logical operators and intermediate steps for accuracy!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Truth Tables
Logical Operators

Formulas

Logical OR (p ∨ q)
Logical NOT (∼ p)
Disjunction (OR) of multiple propositions

Theorems

De Morgan's Laws
Truth Table Construction Rules

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 9-12