Math Problem Statement

A ladder 10 ft long rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall at a rate of 0.8 ft/s, how fast (in rad/s) is the angle (in radians) between the ladder and the ground changing when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft from the wall?

Solution

To solve this problem, we need to use related rates. We are given:

  1. A 10 ft ladder, which forms a right triangle with the wall and the ground.
  2. The ladder's bottom moves away from the wall at a rate of dxdt=0.8\frac{dx}{dt} = 0.8 ft/s.
  3. We are asked to find the rate at which the angle θ\theta between the ladder and the ground changes, dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}, when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft away from the wall (i.e., x=6x = 6).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Set up the relationship between the variables

Using the Pythagorean theorem: x2+y2=102x^2 + y^2 = 10^2 Since the ladder is 10 ft, x2+y2=100x^2 + y^2 = 100.

Step 2: Differentiate with respect to tt

To find dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}, we use trigonometry. From the triangle, we have: cosθ=x10\cos \theta = \frac{x}{10} Now differentiate both sides with respect to tt: sinθdθdt=110dxdt-\sin \theta \cdot \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \frac{1}{10} \cdot \frac{dx}{dt} Thus, dθdt=110dxdtsinθ\frac{d\theta}{dt} = -\frac{1}{10} \cdot \frac{\frac{dx}{dt}}{\sin \theta}

Step 3: Find sinθ\sin \theta when x=6x = 6

When x=6x = 6: x2+y2=10062+y2=10036+y2=100y2=64y=8x^2 + y^2 = 100 \Rightarrow 6^2 + y^2 = 100 \Rightarrow 36 + y^2 = 100 \Rightarrow y^2 = 64 \Rightarrow y = 8 Now, sinθ=y10=810=0.8\sin \theta = \frac{y}{10} = \frac{8}{10} = 0.8.

Step 4: Substitute values to find dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}

Now we have: dθdt=1100.80.8=110=0.1 rad/s\frac{d\theta}{dt} = -\frac{1}{10} \cdot \frac{0.8}{0.8} = -\frac{1}{10} = -0.1 \text{ rad/s}

Final Answer

The rate at which the angle between the ladder and the ground is changing when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft from the wall is: dθdt=0.1 rad/s\frac{d\theta}{dt} = -0.1 \text{ rad/s}

Would you like further details on this solution or have any questions?

Here are some related questions that build on this problem:

  1. What would happen to dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt} if the ladder length were different?
  2. How would the answer change if the rate at which the ladder moves were doubled?
  3. What would be dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt} if xx were initially at 8 feet instead of 6?
  4. How does the angle between the ladder and the ground change as the ladder moves further from the wall?
  5. What if we wanted to find the rate of change of yy instead of θ\theta?

Tip: In related rates problems, identifying and setting up the relationships between variables early simplifies the differentiation process.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Related Rates
Trigonometry
Differentiation
Right Triangle Geometry

Formulas

Pythagorean theorem: x^2 + y^2 = 10^2
Cosine of an angle: cos(θ) = x/10
Related rate formula: dθ/dt = - (1/10) * (dx/dt) / sin(θ)

Theorems

Pythagorean Theorem
Differentiation Rules

Suitable Grade Level

Grade 12 - College Calculus