Math Problem Statement

A ladder 10 ft long rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom of the ladder slides away from the wall at a rate of 0.5 ft/s, how fast is the angle between the ladder and the ground changing when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft from the wall?

Solution

To solve this problem, we will use related rates involving trigonometric functions. Here’s the step-by-step solution:

  1. Define the variables:

    • Let xx be the distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall (horizontal distance).
    • Let yy be the height of the ladder on the wall (vertical distance).
    • Let θ\theta be the angle between the ladder and the ground.
    • Given: dxdt=0.5 ft/s\frac{dx}{dt} = 0.5 \text{ ft/s}, x=6 ftx = 6 \text{ ft}, and the ladder length is 10 ft (constant).
  2. Apply the Pythagorean theorem: Since the ladder length is constant, we have: x2+y2=102    y2=100x2.x^2 + y^2 = 10^2 \implies y^2 = 100 - x^2. When x=6 ftx = 6 \text{ ft}, we find yy: y2=10062=10036=64    y=8 ft.y^2 = 100 - 6^2 = 100 - 36 = 64 \implies y = 8 \text{ ft}.

  3. Relate the angle θ\theta with xx and yy: Using the trigonometric relationship: cos(θ)=y10.\cos(\theta) = \frac{y}{10}.

  4. Differentiate with respect to time tt: Using the chain rule: ddt[cos(θ)]=ddt(y10),\frac{d}{dt}[\cos(\theta)] = \frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{y}{10}\right), sin(θ)dθdt=110dydt.-\sin(\theta) \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \frac{1}{10} \frac{dy}{dt}.

  5. Find sin(θ)\sin(\theta): sin(θ)=x10=610=0.6.\sin(\theta) = \frac{x}{10} = \frac{6}{10} = 0.6.

  6. Find dydt\frac{dy}{dt} using the derivative of the Pythagorean theorem: Differentiating x2+y2=100x^2 + y^2 = 100 with respect to time: 2xdxdt+2ydydt=0.2x \frac{dx}{dt} + 2y \frac{dy}{dt} = 0. Substituting x=6x = 6, y=8y = 8, and dxdt=0.5 ft/s\frac{dx}{dt} = 0.5 \text{ ft/s}: 2(6)(0.5)+2(8)dydt=0    6+16dydt=0    dydt=616=0.375 ft/s.2(6)(0.5) + 2(8) \frac{dy}{dt} = 0 \implies 6 + 16 \frac{dy}{dt} = 0 \implies \frac{dy}{dt} = -\frac{6}{16} = -0.375 \text{ ft/s}.

  7. Substitute sin(θ)\sin(\theta) and dydt\frac{dy}{dt} to find dθdt\frac{d\theta}{dt}: 0.6dθdt=0.37510    dθdt=0.37510×0.6=0.3756=0.0625 rad/s.-0.6 \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \frac{-0.375}{10} \implies \frac{d\theta}{dt} = \frac{0.375}{10 \times 0.6} = \frac{0.375}{6} = 0.0625 \text{ rad/s}.

Therefore, the rate of change of the angle when the bottom of the ladder is 6 ft from the wall is approximately 0.06 rad/s0.06 \text{ rad/s}.

Would you like a more detailed explanation or have any other questions?

Here are five related questions to consider:

  1. How does changing the length of the ladder affect the rate of change of the angle?
  2. What happens to the rate of change of the angle as the bottom of the ladder gets closer to the wall?
  3. How would the problem change if the ladder was sliding at a different rate, such as 1 ft/s?
  4. Can we find the rate of change of the height of the ladder at the same moment?
  5. What would happen if the ladder were not straight but had a bend in it?

Tip: When dealing with related rates problems, always differentiate equations with respect to time and relate variables using given relationships or physical constraints.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Related Rates
Trigonometry
Pythagorean Theorem
Derivatives

Formulas

Pythagorean Theorem: x^2 + y^2 = 10^2
Trigonometric Relationship: cos(θ) = y/10
Related Rates: -sin(θ) dθ/dt = (1/10) dy/dt

Theorems

Pythagorean Theorem
Trigonometric Functions

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 (Calculus/Advanced Trigonometry)