Math Problem Statement
In a group of 6 people prove that there must be 3 people who are mutually acquainted or 3 people who are mutually non-acquainted
Solution
This problem can be approached using Ramsey theory, specifically Ramsey's theorem for two colors, which states that in any complete graph of (the Ramsey number for -cliques), there must be either a monochromatic triangle of one color or a monochromatic triangle of another color.
Here's a proof by considering the setup and applying graph theory.
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Represent the People as a Graph:
- Consider each of the 6 people as vertices of a graph.
- Draw an edge between two vertices if they are acquainted. If they are not acquainted, there is no edge between them (or alternatively, you can represent lack of acquaintance as a different color edge in a two-colored complete graph).
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Application of Ramsey's Theorem:
- For 6 vertices, Ramsey’s theorem states that in any two-coloring of a complete graph , where each edge is colored either blue or red (representing acquaintance or non-acquaintance), there must exist a monochromatic triangle.
- This implies that no matter how the edges are colored (whether representing acquaintance or non-acquaintance), there must be a triangle where all edges are the same color.
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Interpreting the Monochromatic Triangle:
- A monochromatic triangle in the context of this problem means either:
- Three people who are all mutually acquainted (if all edges in the triangle are red, say), or
- Three people who are all mutually non-acquainted (if all edges in the triangle are blue).
- Thus, Ramsey’s theorem guarantees that we will have either a fully acquainted trio or a fully non-acquainted trio among any 6 people.
- A monochromatic triangle in the context of this problem means either:
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Conclusion:
- Therefore, in any group of 6 people, there must be 3 who are all mutually acquainted or 3 who are all mutually non-acquainted, as guaranteed by the existence of a monochromatic triangle in .
This proves that in a group of 6 people, we are guaranteed to find 3 people who are either all acquainted or all not acquainted.
Would you like more details on Ramsey theory, or do you have any questions?
Here are 5 related questions to expand understanding:
- What is Ramsey's theorem, and how does it generalize to larger groups?
- How is the concept of a monochromatic triangle used in combinatorial proofs?
- Can we use this theorem to find groups of 4 people who are all acquainted or all non-acquainted?
- What are other applications of Ramsey numbers in graph theory?
- How would the proof differ if we had only 5 people instead of 6?
Tip: Ramsey theory often deals with "complete disorder" and shows that even in apparently random structures, certain patterns must emerge.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Graph Theory
Ramsey Theory
Combinatorics
Formulas
Ramsey number R(3, 3)
Theorems
Ramsey's Theorem
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 11-12
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