Math Problem Statement

In a group of 6 people prove that there must be 3 people who are mutually acquainted or 3 people who are mutually non-acquainted

Solution

This problem can be approached using Ramsey theory, specifically Ramsey's theorem for two colors, which states that in any complete graph of R(3,3)R(3, 3) (the Ramsey number for 33-cliques), there must be either a monochromatic triangle of one color or a monochromatic triangle of another color.

Here's a proof by considering the setup and applying graph theory.

  1. Represent the People as a Graph:

    • Consider each of the 6 people as vertices of a graph.
    • Draw an edge between two vertices if they are acquainted. If they are not acquainted, there is no edge between them (or alternatively, you can represent lack of acquaintance as a different color edge in a two-colored complete graph).
  2. Application of Ramsey's Theorem:

    • For 6 vertices, Ramsey’s theorem states that in any two-coloring of a complete graph K6K_6, where each edge is colored either blue or red (representing acquaintance or non-acquaintance), there must exist a monochromatic triangle.
    • This implies that no matter how the edges are colored (whether representing acquaintance or non-acquaintance), there must be a triangle where all edges are the same color.
  3. Interpreting the Monochromatic Triangle:

    • A monochromatic triangle in the context of this problem means either:
      • Three people who are all mutually acquainted (if all edges in the triangle are red, say), or
      • Three people who are all mutually non-acquainted (if all edges in the triangle are blue).
    • Thus, Ramsey’s theorem guarantees that we will have either a fully acquainted trio or a fully non-acquainted trio among any 6 people.
  4. Conclusion:

    • Therefore, in any group of 6 people, there must be 3 who are all mutually acquainted or 3 who are all mutually non-acquainted, as guaranteed by the existence of a monochromatic triangle in K6K_6.

This proves that in a group of 6 people, we are guaranteed to find 3 people who are either all acquainted or all not acquainted.

Would you like more details on Ramsey theory, or do you have any questions?


Here are 5 related questions to expand understanding:

  1. What is Ramsey's theorem, and how does it generalize to larger groups?
  2. How is the concept of a monochromatic triangle used in combinatorial proofs?
  3. Can we use this theorem to find groups of 4 people who are all acquainted or all non-acquainted?
  4. What are other applications of Ramsey numbers in graph theory?
  5. How would the proof differ if we had only 5 people instead of 6?

Tip: Ramsey theory often deals with "complete disorder" and shows that even in apparently random structures, certain patterns must emerge.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Graph Theory
Ramsey Theory
Combinatorics

Formulas

Ramsey number R(3, 3)

Theorems

Ramsey's Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12