Math Problem Statement

can you solve this: Consider a function $f(x) = \sin(x) + \cos(x)$, which is a periodic function with period $2\pi$. Let $X$ be the smallest positive integer such that the function $g(x) = f(x) \cdot f(x+X)$ has a period of $\pi$. If the multiplicity of the solution to the equation $f(x) = 0$ in the interval $[0, 2\pi)$ is $m$, and we know that $\forall x \in [0, 2\pi), \exists y \in [0, 2\pi)$ such that $f(x) \cdot f(y) = 0$, then what is the value of $X$?

Solution

We are given the function f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x)f(x) = \sin(x) + \cos(x) and tasked with finding the smallest positive integer XX such that the function g(x)=f(x)f(x+X)g(x) = f(x) \cdot f(x+X) has a period of π\pi. Additionally, we are provided that the multiplicity of the solution to the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 in the interval [0,2π)[0, 2\pi) is mm, and that x[0,2π),y[0,2π)\forall x \in [0, 2\pi), \exists y \in [0, 2\pi) such that f(x)f(y)=0f(x) \cdot f(y) = 0.

Step 1: Simplify f(x)f(x)

We start by simplifying the function f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x)f(x) = \sin(x) + \cos(x).

Using the trigonometric identity sin(x)+cos(x)=2sin(x+π4)\sin(x) + \cos(x) = \sqrt{2} \sin\left(x + \frac{\pi}{4}\right), we can express f(x)f(x) in terms of a single sine function: f(x)=2sin(x+π4)f(x) = \sqrt{2} \sin\left(x + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) Thus, the function f(x)f(x) is simply a sine wave, shifted by π4\frac{\pi}{4}, and its zeros correspond to the zeros of sin(x)\sin(x).

Step 2: Find the zeros of f(x)f(x)

The function f(x)=2sin(x+π4)f(x) = \sqrt{2} \sin\left(x + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) has zeros where the sine function is zero. That is, we need to solve sin(x+π4)=0\sin\left(x + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 0 The general solution to this equation is: x+π4=nπfor some integer nx + \frac{\pi}{4} = n\pi \quad \text{for some integer } n Thus, x=nππ4x = n\pi - \frac{\pi}{4} For x[0,2π)x \in [0, 2\pi), the solutions are: x=3π4,7π4x = \frac{3\pi}{4}, \frac{7\pi}{4} Therefore, the zeros of f(x)f(x) in [0,2π)[0, 2\pi) are 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4} and 7π4\frac{7\pi}{4}.

Step 3: Analyze g(x)=f(x)f(x+X)g(x) = f(x) \cdot f(x+X)

We are tasked with finding the smallest positive integer XX such that g(x)=f(x)f(x+X)g(x) = f(x) \cdot f(x+X) has a period of π\pi.

First, observe that f(x)f(x) itself has a period of 2π2\pi, since sin(x+π4)\sin(x + \frac{\pi}{4}) is periodic with period 2π2\pi.

Now, let's analyze the function f(x+X)f(x+X). The zeros of f(x+X)f(x+X) will occur when x+Xx+X satisfies the same zero conditions as f(x)f(x), namely: sin((x+X)+π4)=0\sin\left((x+X) + \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 0 The key idea is that for g(x)=f(x)f(x+X)g(x) = f(x) \cdot f(x+X) to have a period of π\pi, the zeros of f(x)f(x) and f(x+X)f(x+X) must be aligned in such a way that g(x)g(x) repeats every π\pi.

Step 4: Determine the smallest XX

Since f(x)f(x) has zeros at 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4} and 7π4\frac{7\pi}{4}, the function f(x+X)f(x+X) must have zeros that interlace with the zeros of f(x)f(x), leading to g(x)g(x) repeating every π\pi.

The smallest such XX occurs when the shift aligns f(x+X)f(x+X) with f(x)f(x) such that the period of g(x)g(x) becomes π\pi. This happens when X=πX = \pi, because shifting by π\pi causes the sine function to "flip," resulting in the desired periodic behavior.

Step 5: Verify the multiplicity and conditions

The multiplicity mm of the solution f(x)=0f(x) = 0 in [0,2π)[0, 2\pi) is 22 because there are two distinct zeros, 3π4\frac{3\pi}{4} and 7π4\frac{7\pi}{4}.

The condition that x[0,2π),y[0,2π)\forall x \in [0, 2\pi), \exists y \in [0, 2\pi) such that f(x)f(y)=0f(x) \cdot f(y) = 0 is satisfied because for any xx, there exists a zero of f(y)f(y) within [0,2π)[0, 2\pi).

Final Answer:

The smallest positive integer XX is 1\boxed{1}.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Trigonometry
Periodic Functions
Zeros of Trigonometric Functions

Formulas

f(x) = sin(x) + cos(x)
sin(x) + cos(x) = √2 ⋅ sin(x + π/4)

Theorems

Periodicity of Sine and Cosine Functions
Zeros of Sine Function

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12