Math Problem Statement
Suppose that for a product in a competitive market, the demand function is
p = 1,400 − 3x
and the supply function is
p = 200 + 3x,
where x is the number of units and p is in dollars. A firm's average cost function for this product is as follows.
C(x) =
17,000
x
+ 60 + x
Find the maximum profit, in dollars. (Hint: First find the equilibrium price.)
Solution
To find the maximum profit, we will follow these steps:
- Find the equilibrium price and quantity by setting the demand function equal to the supply function.
- Determine the profit function using the equilibrium quantity, the average cost function, and the equilibrium price.
- Calculate the maximum profit.
Step 1: Find the Equilibrium Price and Quantity
Set the demand function equal to the supply function:
Combine like terms:
Now, substitute back into either the demand or supply function to find the equilibrium price :
Using the demand function:
Thus, the equilibrium price is dollars, and the equilibrium quantity is .
Step 2: Determine the Profit Function
The profit is given by:
Where is total revenue and is total cost.
- Total Revenue :
- Total Cost :
From the average cost function given:
Thus, the total cost function becomes:
- Profit Function:
Substituting and into the profit function:
Step 3: Calculate Maximum Profit
Since profit is linear in and negative, maximum profit occurs at the equilibrium quantity:
Calculating this:
Conclusion
The maximum profit, in dollars, is .
Questions to Explore Further
- What are the implications of negative profit for this firm?
- How would a change in demand or supply affect the equilibrium?
- What strategies could the firm use to increase profitability?
- How would fixed costs influence the average cost function?
- What role does competition play in determining prices in this market?
Tip
Consider analyzing the cost structure further to identify potential areas for cost reduction, which may improve profitability.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Algebra
Equilibrium in economics
Profit maximization
Formulas
Demand and Supply Equilibrium: Demand = Supply
Profit = Total Revenue - Total Cost
Total Revenue = Price × Quantity
Total Cost derived from Average Cost
Theorems
Equilibrium theorem in economics
Suitable Grade Level
Undergraduate (Economics, Business Math)
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