Math Problem Statement

The problem includes three sequences: an = {1 / ln(n+1)}, bn = {sin n}, cn = {ln n}. Choose all correct statements.

Solution

The problem includes three sequences:

  • {an}={1ln(n+1)}\{a_n\} = \left\{ \frac{1}{\ln(n+1)} \right\},
  • {bn}={sinn}\{b_n\} = \{\sin n\},
  • {cn}={lnn}\{c_n\} = \{\ln n\}.

The task is to select all correct statements about these sequences.

Let's analyze the given sequences:

  1. Sequence bncnb_n \cdot c_n:

    • bn=sinnb_n = \sin n is bounded because the sine function oscillates between 1-1 and 11.
    • cn=lnnc_n = \ln n grows without bound as nn \to \infty.
    • Therefore, bncnb_n \cdot c_n is unbounded as lnn\ln n increases, even though sinn\sin n is bounded.
  2. Sequence 1ancn\frac{1}{a_n \cdot c_n}:

    • an=1ln(n+1)a_n = \frac{1}{\ln(n+1)} tends to zero as nn \to \infty, meaning it becomes very small.
    • cn=lnnc_n = \ln n grows without bound.
    • Therefore, ancnlnnln(n+1)1a_n \cdot c_n \sim \frac{\ln n}{\ln(n+1)} \approx 1 for large nn, so this product is bounded, making 1ancn\frac{1}{a_n \cdot c_n} bounded as well.
  3. Sequence anbna_n \cdot b_n:

    • ana_n tends to zero as nn \to \infty, and bn=sinnb_n = \sin n is bounded.
    • Hence, anbna_n \cdot b_n tends to zero, making it infinitesimal (infinitely small) as nn \to \infty.
  4. Sequence anbna_n \cdot b_n (again):

    • From the previous analysis, this sequence is infinitesimally small, so it's not bounded but tends to zero.
  5. Sequence 1an\frac{1}{a_n}:

    • Since ana_n tends to zero as nn \to \infty, 1an\frac{1}{a_n} grows without bound, meaning this sequence is unbounded.

In summary, the correct statements are:

  • {1ancn}\{ \frac{1}{a_n \cdot c_n} \} is bounded.
  • {anbn}\{ a_n \cdot b_n \} is infinitesimally small.
  • {1an}\{ \frac{1}{a_n} \} is unbounded.

Would you like more details on any of these points?

Here are 5 questions you might explore further:

  1. How does the behavior of logarithmic sequences like lnn\ln n compare to linear or polynomial growth?
  2. Why does sinn\sin n remain bounded while lnn\ln n grows indefinitely?
  3. What conditions make a sequence infinitesimally small?
  4. Can a sequence that grows slowly still be considered unbounded?
  5. How does the combination of a bounded and unbounded sequence affect the product?

Tip: When dealing with sequences involving logarithms, always check their behavior as nn \to \infty, as they tend to grow slower than polynomial or exponential terms.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Sequences
Asymptotic Behavior
Bounded and Unbounded Sequences

Formulas

an = 1 / ln(n+1)
bn = sin n
cn = ln n

Theorems

Limit properties of logarithmic functions
Boundedness of sine function
Behavior of sequences as n approaches infinity

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Math/Calculus Level)