Math Problem Statement

Use the established MacLaurin series to find the first three non-zero terms of f (x) = (1 − e−x)/x

Solution

We are tasked with finding the first three non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for the function:

f(x)=1exxf(x) = \frac{1 - e^{-x}}{x}

Step 1: Find the Maclaurin series for exe^{-x}

The Maclaurin series for exe^{-x} is:

ex=1x+x22!x33!+e^{-x} = 1 - x + \frac{x^2}{2!} - \frac{x^3}{3!} + \dots

Step 2: Substitute the series into f(x)f(x)

Now, substitute the series for exe^{-x} into the expression for f(x)f(x):

f(x)=1exx=1(1x+x22!x33!+)xf(x) = \frac{1 - e^{-x}}{x} = \frac{1 - \left( 1 - x + \frac{x^2}{2!} - \frac{x^3}{3!} + \dots \right)}{x}

Simplifying the numerator:

f(x)=11+xx22+x36x=xx22+x36xf(x) = \frac{1 - 1 + x - \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{x^3}{6} - \dots}{x} = \frac{x - \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{x^3}{6} - \dots}{x}

Step 3: Simplify the expression

Now, divide each term in the series by xx:

f(x)=1x2+x26f(x) = 1 - \frac{x}{2} + \frac{x^2}{6} - \dots

Step 4: Conclusion

The first three non-zero terms of the Maclaurin series for f(x)=1exxf(x) = \frac{1 - e^{-x}}{x} are:

f(x)=1x2+x26f(x) = 1 - \frac{x}{2} + \frac{x^2}{6}

Would you like further details on how to expand this series or how to apply it? Here are some follow-up questions to explore:

  1. How is the general form of a Maclaurin series derived for other functions?
  2. What is the radius of convergence for the Maclaurin series of exe^{-x}?
  3. How can you use Maclaurin series to approximate functions near x=0x = 0?
  4. What is the difference between a Maclaurin and a Taylor series?
  5. How can the error term in a truncated Maclaurin series be estimated?

Tip: The Maclaurin series is just a special case of the Taylor series, where the expansion occurs around x=0x = 0.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Maclaurin Series
Series Expansion
Exponential Functions

Formulas

e^(-x) = 1 - x + x^2/2! - x^3/3! + ...
f(x) = (1 - e^(-x))/x

Theorems

Maclaurin Series Expansion

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate - Calculus