Math Problem Statement

Suppose that you stand at the point (5,6,0) (5,6,0) and look in the direction of a point that is not visible because it is behind the ball. You will then be looking at a point on the sphere. If (−1,−2,2) (−1,−2,2) is not visible from (5,6,0) (5,6,0), find the point on the sphere at which you are looking if you look in the direction of (−1,−2,2) (−1,−2,2). Otherwise, find the point on the sphere at which you look if you are looking in the direction of (−1,−2,1) (−1,−2,1). equation of sphere is x²+y²+z²=1 and please give the answers round off to 4 decimal places

Solution

We are given the following setup:

  • You are standing at point (5,6,0)(5,6,0) and looking in a direction.
  • The equation of the sphere is x2+y2+z2=1x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1.
  • Two directions are given: either towards point (1,2,2)(-1,-2,2) or (1,2,1)(-1,-2,1).

The goal is to find the intersection point(s) where the direction from your position touches the surface of the sphere.

Step 1: Parametrize the direction vector

The direction vector from point (5,6,0)(5,6,0) to either of the points (1,2,2)(-1,-2,2) or (1,2,1)(-1,-2,1) is given by:

  • For (1,2,2)(-1,-2,2), the vector is: v1=(15,26,20)=(6,8,2)\vec{v_1} = (-1 - 5, -2 - 6, 2 - 0) = (-6, -8, 2)
  • For (1,2,1)(-1,-2,1), the vector is: v2=(15,26,10)=(6,8,1)\vec{v_2} = (-1 - 5, -2 - 6, 1 - 0) = (-6, -8, 1)

Thus, the parametric equation of the line is: r(t)=r0+tv\vec{r}(t) = \vec{r_0} + t \cdot \vec{v} where r0=(5,6,0)\vec{r_0} = (5,6,0) is the starting point and v\vec{v} is the direction vector.

Step 2: Find the intersection of the line and the sphere

The equation of the sphere is: x2+y2+z2=1x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 Substitute the parametric coordinates of the line into this equation: (x(t))2+(y(t))2+(z(t))2=1(x(t))^2 + (y(t))^2 + (z(t))^2 = 1 We will handle this process for each direction vector:

Case 1: Direction vector v1=(6,8,2)\vec{v_1} = (-6, -8, 2)

The parametric coordinates of the line in this case are: x(t)=56t,y(t)=68t,z(t)=0+2tx(t) = 5 - 6t, \quad y(t) = 6 - 8t, \quad z(t) = 0 + 2t Substitute these into the sphere equation: (56t)2+(68t)2+(2t)2=1(5 - 6t)^2 + (6 - 8t)^2 + (2t)^2 = 1 Simplify and solve for tt.

Case 2: Direction vector v2=(6,8,1)\vec{v_2} = (-6, -8, 1)

The parametric coordinates of the line in this case are: x(t)=56t,y(t)=68t,z(t)=0+tx(t) = 5 - 6t, \quad y(t) = 6 - 8t, \quad z(t) = 0 + t Substitute these into the sphere equation: (56t)2+(68t)2+(t)2=1(5 - 6t)^2 + (6 - 8t)^2 + (t)^2 = 1 Simplify and solve for tt.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Vector Geometry
Parametric Equations
Intersection of Line and Sphere

Formulas

Parametric equation of a line: r(t) = r₀ + t * v
Equation of a sphere: x² + y² + z² = 1

Theorems

Line-Sphere Intersection Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Vector Geometry, 3D Coordinate Systems)