Math Problem Statement

Consider the function f(x)=1(x4+1)2 .

(a) Give the exact x value of a non-stationary inflection point (an inflection point which is not a critical point) Preview

(b) Give an x value where the function is increasing, but concave down. Preview

(c) Give an x value where the function is decreasing, but concave down. Preview

(d) Give an x value where the function is increasing, but concave up. Preview

(e) Give an x value where the function is decreasing, but concave up. Preview

Solution

Let's analyze the function f(x)=1(x4+1)2f(x) = \frac{1}{(x^4 + 1)^2} step-by-step to answer each of the given parts.

Step 1: Find the First Derivative

To find the critical points and determine where the function is increasing or decreasing, we first need to calculate the first derivative, f(x)f'(x).

Given: f(x)=(x4+1)2f(x) = (x^4 + 1)^{-2}

Apply the chain rule: f(x)=2(x4+1)3(4x3)f'(x) = -2(x^4 + 1)^{-3} \cdot (4x^3) f(x)=8x3(x4+1)3f'(x) = -\frac{8x^3}{(x^4 + 1)^3}

Step 2: Find the Second Derivative

To identify inflection points and determine concavity, we need the second derivative, f(x)f''(x).

First, rewrite the first derivative: f(x)=8x3(x4+1)3f'(x) = -\frac{8x^3}{(x^4 + 1)^3}

Now, apply the quotient rule to find f(x)f''(x): f(x)=ddx(8x3(x4+1)3)f''(x) = \frac{d}{dx} \left( -\frac{8x^3}{(x^4 + 1)^3} \right)

Quotient rule: (uv)=uvuvv2\left( \frac{u}{v} \right)' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}, where u=8x3u = -8x^3 and v=(x4+1)3v = (x^4 + 1)^3.

Compute uu' and vv': u=24x2,v=3(x4+1)24x3=12x3(x4+1)2u' = -24x^2, \quad v' = 3(x^4 + 1)^2 \cdot 4x^3 = 12x^3 (x^4 + 1)^2

Substitute into the quotient rule: f(x)=(24x2)(x4+1)3(8x3)(12x3(x4+1)2)(x4+1)6f''(x) = \frac{(-24x^2)(x^4 + 1)^3 - (-8x^3)(12x^3(x^4 + 1)^2)}{(x^4 + 1)^6}

Simplify the numerator: f(x)=24x2(x4+1)3+96x6(x4+1)2(x4+1)6f''(x) = \frac{-24x^2(x^4 + 1)^3 + 96x^6(x^4 + 1)^2}{(x^4 + 1)^6} f(x)=24x2(x4+1)2(x4+14x4)(x4+1)6f''(x) = \frac{-24x^2(x^4 + 1)^2 \left( x^4 + 1 - 4x^4 \right)}{(x^4 + 1)^6} f(x)=24x2(x4+1)2(3x4+1)(x4+1)6f''(x) = \frac{-24x^2(x^4 + 1)^2 (-3x^4 + 1)}{(x^4 + 1)^6}

Simplify further: f(x)=72x2(x4+1)2(x413)(x4+1)6f''(x) = \frac{72x^2(x^4 + 1)^2(x^4 - \frac{1}{3})}{(x^4 + 1)^6} f(x)=72x2(x41/3(x4+1)4f''(x) = \frac{72x^2(x^4 - 1/3}{(x^4 + 1)^4}

The Sign of f´´ is helpful. Now and return find derive I report analysis.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Inflection Points
Concavity
Critical Points

Formulas

First derivative f'(x) = -8x^3 / (x^4 + 1)^3
Second derivative f''(x) = 72x^2(x^4 - 1/3) / (x^4 + 1)^4

Theorems

Chain Rule
Quotient Rule

Suitable Grade Level

College-level Calculus