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The image you uploaded contains an economics problem focusing on the concept of comparative advantage and trade between two countries, Glacier and Congaree. The problem includes various tables and asks the reader to calculate opportunity costs, production decisions, and the potential benefits of trade.

Here is a breakdown of the problem and the calculations required to solve it:

### **1. Initial Setup:**
The table at the top shows the productivity of Glacier and Congaree in producing pistachios and chinos (clothing items) per hour of labor.

- **Glacier:**
  - Pistachios: 4 pounds per hour of labor.
  - Chinos: 1 pair per hour of labor.
- **Congaree:**
  - Pistachios: 5 pounds per hour of labor.
  - Chinos: 16 pairs per hour of labor.

### **2. Opportunity Cost:**
Opportunity cost measures what must be given up in one good to produce another good.

- **Glacier's Opportunity Cost:**
  - 1 pound of pistachios: \( \frac{1 \text{ chino}}{4 \text{ pistachios}} = 0.25 \text{ chinos} \)
  - 1 pair of chinos: \( \frac{4 \text{ pistachios}}{1 \text{ chino}} = 4 \text{ pounds of pistachios} \)

- **Congaree's Opportunity Cost:**
  - 1 pound of pistachios: \( \frac{16 \text{ chinos}}{5 \text{ pistachios}} = 3.2 \text{ chinos} \)
  - 1 pair of chinos: \( \frac{5 \text{ pistachios}}{16 \text{ chinos}} = 0.3125 \text{ pounds of pistachios} \)

### **3. Comparative Advantage:**
- **Glacier:** Has a comparative advantage in producing pistachios because its opportunity cost is lower (0.25 chinos per pound of pistachios).
- **Congaree:** Has a comparative advantage in producing chinos because its opportunity cost is lower (0.3125 pounds of pistachios per pair of chinos).

### **4. Production Decisions Without Trade:**
- Assume each country uses 1 million hours of labor:
  - **Glacier:** Produces pistachios (4 million pounds) and chinos (1 million pairs).
  - **Congaree:** Produces pistachios (5 million pounds) and chinos (16 million pairs).

### **5. Trade Scenario:**
- If the countries specialize based on comparative advantage:
  - **Glacier** produces only pistachios.
  - **Congaree** produces only chinos.
  
  After specialization:
  - **Glacier** produces 4 million pounds of pistachios.
  - **Congaree** produces 16 million pairs of chinos.

### **6. Trade and Consumption After Trade:**
- Example trade: Glacier trades 2 million pounds of pistachios for 4 million pairs of chinos.
- Post-trade production and consumption:
  - **Glacier:** 2 million pounds of pistachios and 4 million pairs of chinos.
  - **Congaree:** 2 million pounds of pistachios and 12 million pairs of chinos.

### **7. Gains from Trade:**
- **Glacier:** Gains 3 million pairs of chinos.
- **Congaree:** Gains 2 million pounds of pistachios.

This exercise demonstrates how both countries can benefit from trade by specializing according to their comparative advantages.

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Would you like further details or have any specific questions? Here are some related questions you might consider:

1. How do the opportunity costs change if the productivity of one country increases?
2. What would happen if both countries had the same opportunity costs?
3. How can these concepts be applied to real-world international trade?
4. What is the impact of trade tariffs on such a trade model?
5. How does consumer preference influence the trade outcomes in such a model?

**Tip:** Remember, the key to understanding comparative advantage is recognizing which producer has the lower opportunity cost, not necessarily who can produce more.

Suppose there are two imaginary countries, Glacier and Congaree. Their labor forces are each capable of supplying four million hours per week that can be used to produce pistachios, chinos, or some combination of the two. The following table shows the amount of pistachios or chinos that can be produced by one hour of labor in each country.

Explore the concept of comparative advantage using the trade model of two countries, Glacier and Congaree. Understand how opportunity costs and specialization lead to gains from trade in this detailed economics problem suitable for Grades 10-12.

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