Math Problem Statement

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A group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. In how many ways can a team of 5 members be selected if the team has (i) no girls, (ii) at least one boy and one girl, (iii) at least three girls?

Solution

Let's solve the given question step-by-step:


Problem Breakdown:

The group consists of 4 girls and 7 boys. We need to determine the number of ways to select a team of 5 members under three conditions:


(i) No girls

If no girls are in the team, all 5 members must be boys.

  • Total boys = 77
  • Choose all 5 members from 7 boys: (75)=7×62×1=21\binom{7}{5} = \frac{7 \times 6}{2 \times 1} = 21

So, the number of ways is: 21\boxed{21}


(ii) At least one boy and one girl

We calculate the total number of ways to form a team of 5 members from 4 girls and 7 boys and subtract the cases where there are only boys or only girls.

Step 1: Total number of ways to form a team of 5 from all 11 people (4 girls + 7 boys): (115)=11×10×9×8×75×4×3×2×1=462\binom{11}{5} = \frac{11 \times 10 \times 9 \times 8 \times 7}{5 \times 4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = 462

Step 2: Cases with only boys (calculated in part (i)): (75)=21\binom{7}{5} = 21

Step 3: Cases with only girls: (45)=0(not possible as there are only 4 girls).\binom{4}{5} = 0 \quad \text{(not possible as there are only 4 girls)}.

Step 4: Subtract cases with only boys or only girls: 462210=441462 - 21 - 0 = 441

So, the number of ways is: 441\boxed{441}


(iii) At least three girls

We calculate the cases where the team has 3 girls, 4 girls, or 5 girls.

Case 1: 3 girls and 2 boys:

  • Choose 3 girls from 4: (43)=41=4\binom{4}{3} = \frac{4}{1} = 4
  • Choose 2 boys from 7: (72)=7×62×1=21\binom{7}{2} = \frac{7 \times 6}{2 \times 1} = 21
  • Total for this case: 4×21=844 \times 21 = 84

Case 2: 4 girls and 1 boy:

  • Choose 4 girls from 4: (44)=1\binom{4}{4} = 1
  • Choose 1 boy from 7: (71)=7\binom{7}{1} = 7
  • Total for this case: 1×7=71 \times 7 = 7

Case 3: 5 girls (not possible since there are only 4 girls): (45)=0\binom{4}{5} = 0

Total: Add the valid cases: 84+7+0=9184 + 7 + 0 = 91

So, the number of ways is: 91\boxed{91}


Final Answers:

(i) No girls: 21\boxed{21}
(ii) At least one boy and one girl: 441\boxed{441}
(iii) At least three girls: 91\boxed{91}


Do you have any questions, or would you like me to explain a specific part further? 😊


Related Questions:

  1. How many ways can a team of 6 members be formed under the same conditions?
  2. What if the group had 5 girls and 8 boys? Recalculate for all parts.
  3. How would the solution change if the team size were 4 instead of 5?
  4. In how many ways can a team of 5 boys only be selected if there were 10 boys instead of 7?
  5. What if the condition required "exactly 2 girls"? How would this be solved?

Tip:

When solving combinatorics problems, always break the problem into smaller cases and use the formula for combinations (nr)=n!r!(nr)!\binom{n}{r} = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Combinatorics
Combinations
Set Theory

Formulas

Combination formula: \( \binom{n}{r} = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} \)

Theorems

Basic principles of combinations and counting

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12