Math Problem Statement

Consider the following sample data for the relationship between advertising budget and sales for Product A:

Observation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Advertising ($)

100,000

110,000

110,000

120,000

130,000

130,000

140,000

150,000

150,000

160,000

Sales ($)

603,000

676,000

655,000

748,000

796,000

785,000

858,000

891,000

935,000

980,000

What is the slope of the "least-squares" best-fit regression line?

Please round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

Solution

To calculate the slope of the least-squares best-fit regression line, we use the formula for the slope mm in simple linear regression:

m=n(xiyi)xiyin(xi2)(xi)2m = \frac{n \sum{(x_i y_i)} - \sum{x_i} \sum{y_i}}{n \sum{(x_i^2)} - (\sum{x_i})^2}

Where:

  • xix_i represents the advertising budget
  • yiy_i represents the sales
  • nn is the number of observations (in this case, n=10n = 10)

We will now compute this step by step.

Step 1: Calculate the necessary sums:

  • xi\sum{x_i}: Sum of advertising budgets
  • yi\sum{y_i}: Sum of sales
  • (xi2)\sum{(x_i^2)}: Sum of squares of advertising budgets
  • (xiyi)\sum{(x_i y_i)}: Sum of the product of advertising budgets and sales

Let’s calculate these values.The necessary sums are:

  • xi=1,300,000\sum{x_i} = 1,300,000
  • yi=7,927,000\sum{y_i} = 7,927,000
  • xi2=172,600,000,000\sum{x_i^2} = 172,600,000,000
  • xiyi=1,052,820,000,000\sum{x_i y_i} = 1,052,820,000,000

Step 2: Substitute these values into the slope formula:

m=n(xiyi)xiyin(xi2)(xi)2m = \frac{n \sum{(x_i y_i)} - \sum{x_i} \sum{y_i}}{n \sum{(x_i^2)} - (\sum{x_i})^2}

Now, let's compute the slope mm.The slope of the least-squares best-fit regression line is 6.26.2, rounded to the nearest hundredth.

Would you like more details or have any further questions? Here are five related questions that build on this concept:

  1. How do we interpret the slope in this context?
  2. What is the equation of the least-squares regression line?
  3. How can we use this model to predict sales for a specific advertising budget?
  4. What is the y-intercept of the least-squares regression line?
  5. How do we compute the coefficient of determination (R²) for this regression?

Tip: The slope of a regression line represents the change in the dependent variable (sales) for every unit increase in the independent variable (advertising budget).

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Linear Regression
Statistics

Formulas

Slope formula for least-squares regression line: m = (n∑(x_i y_i) - ∑x_i ∑y_i) / (n∑(x_i^2) - (∑x_i)^2)

Theorems

Least-Squares Method

Suitable Grade Level

College Level / Advanced High School