Math Problem Statement

Let G(x) = ∫ from h1(x) to h2(x) f(t) dt, where h1(x) = π cos(2πx), h2(x) = 4tan⁻¹(x), and f(t) = 188/(1 + t²). Find G(1) + G'(1).

Solution

We are given that G(x)=h1(x)h2(x)f(t)dtG(x) = \int_{h_1(x)}^{h_2(x)} f(t) \, dt, where:

  • h1(x)=πcos(2πx)h_1(x) = \pi \cos(2\pi x)
  • h2(x)=4tan1(x)h_2(x) = 4 \tan^{-1}(x)
  • f(t)=1881+t2f(t) = \frac{188}{1 + t^2}

We need to find G(1)+G(1)G(1) + G'(1).

Step 1: Find G(1)G(1)

To compute G(1)G(1), we need to evaluate the definite integral for x=1x = 1.

  • h1(1)=πcos(2π1)=πcos(2π)=π1=πh_1(1) = \pi \cos(2\pi \cdot 1) = \pi \cos(2\pi) = \pi \cdot 1 = \pi
  • h2(1)=4tan1(1)=4π4=πh_2(1) = 4 \tan^{-1}(1) = 4 \cdot \frac{\pi}{4} = \pi

Therefore, G(1)=ππ1881+t2dt=0G(1) = \int_{\pi}^{\pi} \frac{188}{1 + t^2} \, dt = 0, because the limits of integration are equal.

Step 2: Differentiate G(x)G(x) to find G(x)G'(x)

By the Leibniz rule for differentiating integrals with variable limits, we have: G(x)=f(h2(x))h2(x)f(h1(x))h1(x)G'(x) = f(h_2(x)) \cdot h_2'(x) - f(h_1(x)) \cdot h_1'(x) where f(t)=1881+t2f(t) = \frac{188}{1 + t^2}, h1(x)=πcos(2πx)h_1(x) = \pi \cos(2\pi x), and h2(x)=4tan1(x)h_2(x) = 4 \tan^{-1}(x).

Step 2.1: Compute h1(x)h_1'(x) and h2(x)h_2'(x)

  • h1(x)=πcos(2πx)h_1(x) = \pi \cos(2\pi x) h1(x)=2π2sin(2πx)h_1'(x) = -2\pi^2 \sin(2\pi x)

  • h2(x)=4tan1(x)h_2(x) = 4 \tan^{-1}(x) h2(x)=41+x2h_2'(x) = \frac{4}{1 + x^2}

Step 2.2: Evaluate G(1)G'(1)

Now, evaluate each term at x=1x = 1:

  • h1(1)=πh_1(1) = \pi
  • h2(1)=πh_2(1) = \pi
  • f(h1(1))=f(π)=1881+π2f(h_1(1)) = f(\pi) = \frac{188}{1 + \pi^2}
  • f(h2(1))=f(π)=1881+π2f(h_2(1)) = f(\pi) = \frac{188}{1 + \pi^2}
  • h1(1)=2π2sin(2π)=0h_1'(1) = -2\pi^2 \sin(2\pi) = 0
  • h2(1)=41+12=2h_2'(1) = \frac{4}{1 + 1^2} = 2

Thus, G(1)=f(π)2f(π)0=21881+π2G'(1) = f(\pi) \cdot 2 - f(\pi) \cdot 0 = 2 \cdot \frac{188}{1 + \pi^2}

Step 3: Final Answer

Now we can compute G(1)+G(1)G(1) + G'(1):

G(1)+G(1)=0+21881+π2=3761+π2G(1) + G'(1) = 0 + 2 \cdot \frac{188}{1 + \pi^2} = \frac{376}{1 + \pi^2}

This is the required result.

Would you like more details, or have any further questions?


Here are 5 related questions for practice:

  1. How does the Leibniz rule apply to integrals with variable limits?
  2. How would G(x)G'(x) change if h1(x)h_1(x) and h2(x)h_2(x) were linear functions?
  3. What is the geometric interpretation of the function G(x)G(x)?
  4. How do you find the derivative of an inverse trigonometric function like tan1(x)\tan^{-1}(x)?
  5. How does changing the function f(t)f(t) affect the value of G(1)G(1)?

Tip: When differentiating definite integrals with variable limits, always remember to apply the Leibniz rule, accounting for both upper and lower limits of integration!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Integral Calculus
Differentiation
Leibniz Rule
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Formulas

Leibniz Rule for Differentiating Integrals: G'(x) = f(h2(x)) * h2'(x) - f(h1(x)) * h1'(x)
f(t) = 188/(1 + t²)
h1(x) = π cos(2πx)
h2(x) = 4 tan⁻¹(x)

Theorems

Leibniz Integral Rule

Suitable Grade Level

University-level Calculus