Math Problem Statement

Let the region R be the area enclosed by the function f, of, x, equals, square root of, x, end square root, plus, 2f(x)=x​+2, the horizontal line y, equals, minus, 1y=−1 and the vertical lines x, equals, 0x=0 and x, equals, 6, .x=6. If the region R is the base of a solid such that each cross section perpendicular to the xx-axis is a square, find the volume of the solid. You may use a calculator and round to the nearest thousandth.

Solution

The volume of the solid is found by integrating the area of the cross-sections along the xx-axis.

Step 1: Understanding the Cross Sections

Each cross-section perpendicular to the xx-axis is a square with side length equal to the height of the region RR. The height of the region is given by:

Height=f(x)(1)=f(x)+1\text{Height} = f(x) - (-1) = f(x) + 1

Since the given function is f(x)=x+2f(x) = \sqrt{x} + 2, we have:

Height=(x+2)+1=x+3\text{Height} = (\sqrt{x} + 2) + 1 = \sqrt{x} + 3

The area of a square cross-section is:

A(x)=(side length)2=(x+3)2A(x) = (\text{side length})^2 = (\sqrt{x} + 3)^2

Step 2: Setting Up the Integral

The volume of the solid is obtained by integrating the cross-sectional area from x=0x = 0 to x=6x = 6:

V=06(x+3)2dxV = \int_0^6 (\sqrt{x} + 3)^2 \, dx

Expanding the square:

(x+3)2=x+6x+9(\sqrt{x} + 3)^2 = x + 6\sqrt{x} + 9

Thus, the integral simplifies to:

V=06(x+6x+9)dxV = \int_0^6 (x + 6\sqrt{x} + 9) \, dx

Step 3: Evaluating the Integral

We evaluate each term separately:

  1. Integral of xx: xdx=x22\int x \, dx = \frac{x^2}{2} Evaluated from 0 to 6: 622022=362=18\frac{6^2}{2} - \frac{0^2}{2} = \frac{36}{2} = 18

  2. Integral of 6x6\sqrt{x}: 6x1/2dx=623x3/2=4x3/2\int 6x^{1/2} \, dx = 6 \cdot \frac{2}{3} x^{3/2} = 4x^{3/2} Evaluated from 0 to 6: 4(63/2)4(03/2)4(6^{3/2}) - 4(0^{3/2}) Since 63/2=6×66×2.449=14.6946^{3/2} = 6 \times \sqrt{6} \approx 6 \times 2.449 = 14.694:

    4(14.694)=58.7764(14.694) = 58.776

  3. Integral of 99: 9dx=9x\int 9 \, dx = 9x Evaluated from 0 to 6: 9(6)9(0)=549(6) - 9(0) = 54

Step 4: Summing the Results

V=18+58.776+54=130.776V = 18 + 58.776 + 54 = 130.776

Final Answer

V130.776(rounded to the nearest thousandth)V \approx 130.776 \quad \text{(rounded to the nearest thousandth)}

Would you like a breakdown of any specific step?


Related Problems:

  1. What would the volume be if the cross-sections were semicircles instead of squares?
  2. How does the volume change if the upper function were f(x)=x+3f(x) = x + 3 instead?
  3. What happens to the volume if the limits of integration change to x=2x = 2 to x=6x = 6?
  4. What if the cross-sections were equilateral triangles instead of squares?
  5. How do you compute the volume if the base region were rotated around the xx-axis instead?

Tip: When dealing with cross-sectional volume problems, always determine the side length of the cross-section first and square it before integrating!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Volume of Solids
Cross-sectional Area
Integration

Formulas

Volume of a solid with square cross-sections: V = ∫_a^b A(x) dx
Area of a square: A(x) = (side length)^2

Theorems

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12