Math Problem Statement

Each year the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) releases fuel economy data on cars manufactured in that year. Below are summary statistics on fuel efficiency (in miles/gallon) from random samples of cars with manual and automatic transmissions. City MPG Automatic Manual Mean 16.12 19.85 SD 3.58 4.51 n 26 26

  1. At α = 0.05, do these data provide strong evidence of a difference between the average fuel efficiency of cars with manual and automatic transmissions in terms of their average city mileage? State the null and alternative hypotheses

Solution

To test whether there is strong evidence of a difference between the average fuel efficiency of cars with manual and automatic transmissions in terms of city mileage, we can perform a two-sample t-test. Here's the formulation of the hypotheses:

Null Hypothesis (H0H_0):

There is no difference in the average city mileage between cars with manual and automatic transmissions. H0:μmanual=μautomaticH_0: \mu_{\text{manual}} = \mu_{\text{automatic}} This can also be written as: H0:μmanualμautomatic=0H_0: \mu_{\text{manual}} - \mu_{\text{automatic}} = 0

Alternative Hypothesis (HaH_a):

There is a difference in the average city mileage between cars with manual and automatic transmissions. Ha:μmanualμautomaticH_a: \mu_{\text{manual}} \neq \mu_{\text{automatic}}

This is a two-tailed test because the alternative hypothesis does not specify the direction of the difference.

Test Conditions:

  • The data comes from two independent random samples.
  • The sample sizes (n=26n = 26) for both groups are reasonably large, and the t-test is robust to mild deviations from normality.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Hypothesis Testing
Two-Sample t-Test
Statistics

Formulas

t = (X̄₁ - X̄₂) / √((s₁²/n₁) + (s₂²/n₂))
Degrees of Freedom: df = ( (s₁²/n₁ + s₂²/n₂)² ) / (( (s₁²/n₁)² / (n₁ - 1)) + ((s₂²/n₂)² / (n₂ - 1)))

Theorems

Central Limit Theorem
t-Distribution Properties

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Statistics or Advanced High School