Math Problem Statement

can u solve this

Construct truth tables for compound statements and determine if they are tautology, contradiction, or contingency.

Solution

Let's tackle these two problems step by step. We will construct the truth tables for both compound statements as required.

1. Construct a truth table for the compound statement ¬(pq)(¬p¬q)\neg(p \land q) \leftrightarrow (\neg p \lor \neg q).

This is a biconditional statement. The first part is ¬(pq)\neg(p \land q), and the second part is ¬p¬q\neg p \lor \neg q. The table will compare these two parts and check if they are logically equivalent (i.e., whether the entire expression is true or false).

Truth Table Construction:

ppqqpqp \land q¬(pq)\neg(p \land q)¬p\neg p¬q\neg q¬p¬q\neg p \lor \neg q¬(pq)(¬p¬q)\neg(p \land q) \leftrightarrow (\neg p \lor \neg q)
TTTFFFFT
TFFTFTTT
FTFTTFTT
FFFTTTTT

Conclusion: Since the final column has all true values, this compound statement is a tautology.


2. Construct a truth table for the compound statement (p¬q)(pq)(p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (p \rightarrow q).

Here, we first need to compute p¬qp \land \neg q and pqp \rightarrow q before considering the implication (p¬q)(pq)(p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (p \rightarrow q).

Truth Table Construction:

ppqq¬q\neg qp¬qp \land \neg qpqp \rightarrow q(p¬q)(pq)(p \land \neg q) \rightarrow (p \rightarrow q)
TTFFTT
TFTTFF
FTFFTT
FFTFTT

Conclusion: Since the final column has a mix of true and false values, this compound statement is a contingency.


Let me know if you'd like further clarification or details on these steps. Here are some additional questions you can explore:

  1. How would the truth table change if we modified \lor to \land in the first statement?
  2. What logical operation can you infer from \leftrightarrow?
  3. How would you define a contradiction based on the truth table outcomes?
  4. Why is the second statement not a tautology or contradiction?
  5. What role do negations play in these logical expressions?

Tip: When constructing truth tables, always calculate the intermediate steps carefully to ensure accurate results.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Truth Tables
Logical Connectives

Formulas

Biconditional: (P ↔ Q) is true when both P and Q are the same.
Conjunction: (P ∧ Q) is true when both P and Q are true.
Disjunction: (P ∨ Q) is true when at least one of P or Q is true.
Negation: ¬P is true when P is false.
Implication: (P → Q) is false when P is true and Q is false.

Theorems

Tautology
Contradiction
Contingency

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12