Math Problem Statement

Find an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f(x) = √x / (3x + 3) at the point (3, f(3)).

Solution

To find the equation of the tangent line to the graph of the function f(x)=x3x+3f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{x}}{3x + 3} at the point (3,f(3))(3, f(3)), we need to follow these steps:

  1. Calculate f(3)f(3):
    Plug x=3x = 3 into the function to find the y-coordinate of the point of tangency.

    f(3)=33(3)+3=39+3=312f(3) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3(3) + 3} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{9 + 3} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}

    So, the point of tangency is (3,312)\left(3, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\right).

  2. Find the derivative f(x)f'(x):
    The derivative of f(x)f(x) gives the slope of the tangent line. To find f(x)f'(x), we use the quotient rule:

    f(x)=x3x+3f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{x}}{3x + 3}

    The quotient rule states: f(x)=g(x)h(x)g(x)h(x)(h(x))2f'(x) = \frac{g'(x)h(x) - g(x)h'(x)}{(h(x))^2} where g(x)=xg(x) = \sqrt{x} and h(x)=3x+3h(x) = 3x + 3.

    First, find the derivatives: g(x)=12x,h(x)=3g'(x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}, \quad h'(x) = 3

    Then, apply the quotient rule: f(x)=(12x)(3x+3)(x)(3)(3x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)(3x + 3) - \left(\sqrt{x}\right)(3)}{(3x + 3)^2}

    Simplify this expression: f(x)=3x+32x3x(3x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{\frac{3x + 3}{2\sqrt{x}} - 3\sqrt{x}}{(3x + 3)^2}

    Simplifying further: f(x)=3(x+1)6x2x(3x+3)2=33x2x(3x+3)2f'(x) = \frac{\frac{3(x + 1) - 6x}{2\sqrt{x}}}{(3x + 3)^2} = \frac{\frac{3 - 3x}{2\sqrt{x}}}{(3x + 3)^2}

  3. Evaluate f(3)f'(3):
    Substitute x=3x = 3 into the derivative to find the slope at x=3x = 3:

    f(3)=3(13)23(3(3)+3)2=3(2)23122=3372=324f'(3) = \frac{\frac{3(1 - 3)}{2\sqrt{3}}}{(3(3) + 3)^2} = \frac{\frac{3(-2)}{2\sqrt{3}}}{12^2} = \frac{-3\sqrt{3}}{72} = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}

    So, the slope of the tangent line at x=3x = 3 is 324\frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}.

  4. Use the point-slope form of the line: The equation of the tangent line is given by:

    yy1=m(xx1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)

    Here, (x1,y1)=(3,312)(x_1, y_1) = \left(3, \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}\right) and m=324m = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}.

    Substituting these values: y312=324(x3)y - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12} = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}(x - 3)

    Simplifying: y=324x+38+312y = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}x + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{8} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12}

    Combine the constant terms: y=324x+324y = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}x + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{24}

So, the equation of the tangent line is:

y=324(x1)y = \frac{-\sqrt{3}}{24}(x - 1)

Would you like further details or have any questions?


Related Questions:

  1. How does the quotient rule apply to different types of functions?
  2. What is the geometric interpretation of a derivative?
  3. How can the slope of a tangent line help in understanding the behavior of a function?
  4. What is the importance of finding the tangent line in real-world applications?
  5. How would you find the tangent line for more complex functions?

Tip: When using the quotient rule, carefully keep track of each component function's derivative to avoid errors.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Differentiation
Tangent Line

Formulas

Quotient Rule: (f/g)' = (g*f' - f*g') / g^2
Derivative of square root function: d/dx(√x) = 1/(2√x)
Point-Slope Form: y - y1 = m(x - x1)

Theorems

Quotient Rule
Point-Slope Form

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12