The image contains financial data for four different companies (Karma Company, Yates Company, McCain Company, and Dench Company), with some values missing, represented by letters such as (a), (b), (c), etc. It looks like we need to solve for these unknowns based on given data and a hint, which suggests using the formula:

Assets - Liabilities = Owner's Equity.

This formula will help calculate the missing values, specifically (a), (b), (c), etc., which may represent either assets, liabilities, or equity.

Here’s a breakdown of the companies' financial details and what needs to be solved:

• Karma Company
  Assets: $95,000
  Liabilities: $50,000
  Equity: (a)

• Yates Company
  Assets: $110,000
  Liabilities: (d)
  Equity: $60,000

• McCain Company
  Assets: (g)
  Liabilities: $75,000
  Equity: $45,000

• Dench Company
  Assets: $170,000
  Liabilities: (k)
  Equity: $90,000

The task involves filling in these missing values based on the given data using the formula for calculating equity.

Shall I proceed with solving these equations for you, or would you like to focus on a specific company first? Feel free to ask for further explanation!

Here are 5 questions to expand on this topic:

1. What is the importance of calculating owner’s equity in financial statements?
2. How do companies use the Assets - Liabilities = Equity equation in practice?
3. What are typical adjustments made to the equity formula during auditing?
4. How do liabilities impact a company’s financial health when compared to its assets?
5. Can the owner’s equity be negative, and if so, what does it indicate?

Tip: When solving for unknown financial values, always ensure all data points are correctly categorized under assets, liabilities, or equity to avoid errors.