Math Problem Statement

simplify (∼pvq)⇒(∼pvq)

Solution

To simplify the expression (pq)(pq)(\sim p \lor q) \Rightarrow (\sim p \lor q), we can follow these steps:

Step 1: Recognize the implication

The implication ABA \Rightarrow B is logically equivalent to AB\sim A \lor B. Applying this to the given expression:

(pq)(pq)(pq)(pq)(\sim p \lor q) \Rightarrow (\sim p \lor q) \equiv \sim(\sim p \lor q) \lor (\sim p \lor q)

Step 2: Apply De Morgan's Law

We need to negate pq\sim p \lor q as part of the equivalence transformation: (pq)(pq)(pq)\sim(\sim p \lor q) \equiv (\sim \sim p \land \sim q) \equiv (p \land \sim q)

Step 3: Substitute into the expression

Now substitute this back into the implication expression: (pq)(pq)(p \land \sim q) \lor (\sim p \lor q)

Step 4: Simplify using distribution

To simplify this further, we distribute the terms: (pp)(pq)(qp)(qq)(p \lor \sim p) \lor (p \lor q) \lor (\sim q \lor \sim p) \lor (\sim q \lor q)

Using the tautologies pp=Truep \lor \sim p = \text{True} and qq=True\sim q \lor q = \text{True}, we get:

True(pq)True\text{True} \lor (p \lor q) \lor \text{True}

Since True\text{True} \lor anything is always True\text{True}, the entire expression simplifies to:

True\boxed{\text{True}}

Thus, the simplified form of (pq)(pq)(\sim p \lor q) \Rightarrow (\sim p \lor q) is True.

Would you like any more details or have questions?

Here are 5 related questions to consider:

  1. What is the difference between a tautology and a contradiction?
  2. How does De Morgan's law work with negations?
  3. What is the truth table for logical implications?
  4. Can all logical implications be simplified to True or False?
  5. How does logical equivalence relate to algebraic identities?

Tip: Logical equivalences can often be simplified by recognizing common tautologies and contradictions in their expressions.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Logical Implication
Tautology

Formulas

A ⇒ B ≡ ∼A ∨ B
De Morgan's Law: ∼(p ∨ q) ≡ ∼p ∧ ∼q

Theorems

Tautology Theorem
De Morgan's Laws

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level (Introductory Logic/Discrete Math)