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Let’s analyze **Question 18** together.

The question shows the **apparent position of a goldfish** as seen from above the water, asking where the **actual position of the goldfish** is. To solve this, let’s apply the **concept of refraction**.

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### Concept of Refraction:
- **Light bends** when it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index (like from **water to air**).
- When viewing an object inside water from above the surface, the light rays **bend away from the normal** as they travel from **water (denser medium)** to **air (less dense medium)**.
- As a result, the **apparent position** of the object (like the goldfish) looks **closer to the surface** than its actual position.

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### Correct Position of the Goldfish:
- If the observer sees the goldfish at a certain apparent position (marked in the diagram), its **actual position will be lower** (i.e., deeper) than what appears to the observer.
- In the figure:
  - Since the fish looks closer to the surface at point **A**, its **actual position** will be **below this point**. Thus, the correct answer is point **C**.

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### Final Answer:
The **actual position** of the goldfish is **C**.

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Would you like a more detailed breakdown on refraction concepts?

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Here are 5 related questions to explore further:
1. What is the law of refraction (Snell's law) and how does it work?
2. Why does light bend towards the normal in denser media?
3. How can you derive the apparent depth formula for objects underwater?
4. What happens when light hits the surface at a 90-degree angle?
5. How does refraction affect underwater photography?

**Tip:** Always remember: light rays diverge away from the normal when traveling from a denser medium to a rarer medium like air.

The figure below shows the apparent position of a goldfish as seen by an observer above water. Where is the actual position of the goldfish?

Learn how to determine the actual position of a goldfish as seen by an observer above water using the principles of light refraction. This question applies Snell's law and covers the concept of apparent depth in a dense-to-rarer medium transition. Suitable for Grades 9-12.

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