Math Problem Statement
A fair six-sided die is rolled three times. The probability that the product of the three results has a last digit of 0 is m/n , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n?
Solution
To solve this problem, we are looking for the probability that the product of the three results of rolling a fair six-sided die has a last digit of 0.
Step 1: Recognize when the product's last digit will be 0
The product of three numbers will have a last digit of 0 if and only if the product contains at least one factor of 5. This is because the last digit of a product is influenced by the factors of 2 and 5, and for the product to end in 0, it must include at least one factor of 5.
Step 2: Identify when the die rolls a number with a factor of 5
On a six-sided die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Only the number 5 contains a factor of 5. Therefore, at least one of the three rolls must result in a 5 for the product to end in 0.
Step 3: Calculate the complement probability (when no 5 is rolled)
The complement event is the scenario where none of the three rolls results in a 5. The probability of rolling any number other than 5 is:
Since the die is rolled three times, the probability that none of the three rolls results in a 5 is:
Step 4: Calculate the desired probability (at least one 5 is rolled)
The probability that at least one roll results in a 5 is the complement of the probability that none of the rolls results in a 5:
Step 5: Simplify the fraction
The fraction is already in its simplest form because 91 and 216 have no common factors (they are relatively prime).
Step 6: Find
Here, and , so:
Thus, the answer is .
Do you need further clarification on any step? Here are five related questions:
- What is the probability that the product of two dice rolls ends with a 5?
- If the die is rolled four times, what is the probability that the product ends with a 0?
- What is the general method for calculating probabilities involving complements?
- How do prime factorization and number theory help in probability questions involving products?
- Can you explain the difference between independent and dependent events in probability?
Tip: Using complement probabilities is often simpler when calculating the probability of "at least one" event occurring.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Probability
Number Theory
Complementary Events
Formulas
P(not 5) = 5/6
P(no 5 in three rolls) = (5/6)^3
P(at least one 5) = 1 - (5/6)^3
Theorems
Complement Rule in Probability
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 10-12
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