Math Problem Statement

In a rectangle ABCD of width 1 and length 2, suppose AD is a length. Let R be a point selected at random from within the rectangle. The probability that ∠ARD is obtuse is closest to X/400 where X is an integer. Find X.

Solution

To solve this problem:

Problem Description

We are given a rectangle ABCDABCD with dimensions 1 (width) and 2 (length), where ADAD is the length. A point RR is randomly chosen within the rectangle. The problem asks us to find the probability that the angle ARD\angle ARD is obtuse. This probability is approximated as X400\frac{X}{400}, and we are tasked with determining the integer XX.


Key Ideas and Steps:

  1. Setup the Geometry:

    • Place the rectangle on the Cartesian plane with A(0,0),B(2,0),C(2,1),D(0,1)A(0, 0), B(2, 0), C(2, 1), D(0, 1).
    • R(x,y)R(x, y) is any point in the rectangle, where 0x20 \leq x \leq 2 and 0y10 \leq y \leq 1.
  2. Angle Condition:

    • For ARD\angle ARD to be obtuse, cosARD<0\cos \angle ARD < 0.
    • Using the dot product: cosARD=ARDRARDR\cos \angle ARD = \frac{\vec{AR} \cdot \vec{DR}}{\|\vec{AR}\| \|\vec{DR}\|} where AR=(x,y)\vec{AR} = (x, y) and DR=(x,y1)\vec{DR} = (x, y - 1).
    • The condition simplifies to: ARDR=x2+xy+y(y1)<0.\vec{AR} \cdot \vec{DR} = x^2 + xy + y(y - 1) < 0.
  3. Inequality Analysis:

    • The inequality becomes: x2+xy+y2y<0.x^2 + xy + y^2 - y < 0.
    • Rewrite as: x2+xy+y(y1)<0.x^2 + xy + y(y - 1) < 0.
  4. Finding the Region:

    • Determine the region of the rectangle where the inequality holds.
    • This involves solving for xx in terms of yy and finding bounds where the inequality holds.
  5. Integrate Over the Region:

    • Integrate over the area of the rectangle to find the probability: P = \frac{\text{Area where \angle ARD is obtuse}}{\text{Total area of rectangle (2)}}.

Working Out the Solution

  1. Boundary Analysis: Solve x2+xy+y2y=0x^2 + xy + y^2 - y = 0 for xx as a function of yy.

  2. Numerical Integration: Compute the area of the region satisfying x2+xy+y2y<0x^2 + xy + y^2 - y < 0, normalized by the total rectangle area.


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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Geometry
Probability
Inequalities

Formulas

cos(∠ARD) = (AR · DR) / (|AR| |DR|)
Inequality: x^2 + xy + y^2 - y < 0
Area of a rectangle = length × width
Probability = Favorable Area / Total Area

Theorems

Dot Product and Angle Relationship
Geometric Probability

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (or advanced high school mathematics)