Math Problem Statement

Two jars are provided. Jar P contains cards with the letters {A, S, K, I}, and Jar Q contains cards with the numbers {4, 9, 7}. (i) List all possible outcomes when one card is drawn from each jar. (ii) Calculate the probability of selecting a card with a consonant letter from jar P and a card with an odd number from jar Q.

Solution

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Given Information:

  1. Two jars are provided:

    • Jar PP contains cards with the letters: AA, SS, KK, and II.
    • Jar QQ contains cards with the numbers: 44, 99, and 77.
  2. Questions: (i) List all the possible outcomes when one card is drawn from each jar.
    (ii) Calculate the probability of selecting:

    • A card with a consonant letter from jar PP, and
    • A card with an odd number from jar QQ.

Solutions:

(i) Listing all the possible outcomes:

When drawing one card from each jar, each card from jar PP can pair with each card from jar QQ. The total number of combinations is:

P×Q=4×3=12 outcomes.|P| \times |Q| = 4 \times 3 = 12 \text{ outcomes.}

Outcomes:
The combinations are:

{(A,4),(A,9),(A,7),(S,4),(S,9),(S,7),(K,4),(K,9),(K,7),(I,4),(I,9),(I,7)}.\{(A, 4), (A, 9), (A, 7), (S, 4), (S, 9), (S, 7), (K, 4), (K, 9), (K, 7), (I, 4), (I, 9), (I, 7)\}.


(ii) Probability of desired outcomes:

  1. Consonant letter from PP:

    • From P={A,S,K,I}P = \{A, S, K, I\}, the consonants are SS and KK.
    • Number of favorable outcomes for PP: 22.
  2. Odd number from QQ:

    • From Q={4,9,7}Q = \{4, 9, 7\}, the odd numbers are 99 and 77.
    • Number of favorable outcomes for QQ: 22.
  3. Combining probabilities:
    The events (choosing a consonant from PP and an odd number from QQ) are independent. Thus, the probability is:

P(Consonant and Odd)=P(Consonant from P)×P(Odd from Q)P(\text{Consonant and Odd}) = P(\text{Consonant from } P) \times P(\text{Odd from } Q)

P(Consonant from P)=24=12,P(Odd from Q)=23.P(\text{Consonant from } P) = \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}, \quad P(\text{Odd from } Q) = \frac{2}{3}.

P(Consonant and Odd)=12×23=26=13.P(\text{Consonant and Odd}) = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3}.


Final Answers:

(i) All possible outcomes: {(A,4),(A,9),(A,7),(S,4),(S,9),(S,7),(K,4),(K,9),(K,7),(I,4),(I,9),(I,7)}.\{(A, 4), (A, 9), (A, 7), (S, 4), (S, 9), (S, 7), (K, 4), (K, 9), (K, 7), (I, 4), (I, 9), (I, 7)\}.

(ii) Probability of a consonant and an odd number: P=13.P = \frac{1}{3}.


Do you need further clarifications or details?

Related Questions:

  1. What is the total probability of drawing a vowel from jar PP?
  2. If another card is added to jar QQ, how does the probability change?
  3. What is the probability of drawing a card with the letter AA and the number 44?
  4. How would the results differ if jar PP contained equal numbers of vowels and consonants?
  5. Can we visualize the outcomes using a tree diagram?

Tip:

Always confirm the independence of events in probability calculations to simplify the computations!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Combinatorics
Set Theory

Formulas

Number of outcomes = |Set P| × |Set Q|
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B) for independent events

Theorems

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events
Basic Set Cardinality

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-11