Math Problem Statement

By listing the outcomes at an event, find the probability that (i) both cards are labeled with letters, (ii) one card is labeled with a number and another card is labeled with a letter.

Solution

Let's break down and solve the probability questions from the image:

The problem presents three boxes (A, P, Q) containing labeled cards.

  • Box A has two cards: 66 (number) and HH (letter).
  • Box P has four cards: 1,8,F,K1, 8, F, K (two numbers, two letters).
  • Box Q has five cards: 5,9,L,M,N5, 9, L, M, N (two numbers, three letters).

For the problem:

  • Step 1: A card is picked at random from Box A.
    • If the number 66 is chosen, a card is then picked randomly from Box P.
    • If the letter HH is chosen, a card is picked randomly from Box Q.

We are asked to find two probabilities:

  1. The probability that both cards are labeled with letters.
  2. The probability that one card is labeled with a number, and the other with a letter.

(i) Probability that both cards are labeled with letters:

  • Two ways to get letters:
    • If HH is selected from Box A, we pick from Box Q. The possible letters from Box Q are L,M,NL, M, N (3 letters out of 5 total cards).
    • If 66 is selected from Box A, we pick from Box P. The possible letters from Box P are F,KF, K (2 letters out of 4 total cards).

The total probability of selecting letters in both cases is:

  • Probability of picking HH from Box A: 12\frac{1}{2}
    • Then selecting a letter from Box Q: 35\frac{3}{5}
  • Probability of picking 66 from Box A: 12\frac{1}{2}
    • Then selecting a letter from Box P: 24=12\frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}

Thus, the total probability is:

= \frac{3}{10} + \frac{1}{4}$$ Finding a common denominator (20): $$P(\text{both letters}) = \frac{6}{20} + \frac{5}{20} = \frac{11}{20}$$ ### (ii) Probability that **one card is labeled with a number and the other with a letter**: This situation has two cases: 1. Picking a **number** first and then a **letter**. 2. Picking a **letter** first and then a **number**. Let's calculate each case: - **Case 1**: Picking a number from **Box A** ($$6$$) and then a letter from **Box P**. - Probability of picking $$6$$: $$\frac{1}{2}$$ - Probability of picking a letter from **Box P** ($$F, K$$): $$\frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}$$ - **Case 2**: Picking a letter from **Box A** ($$H$$) and then a number from **Box Q**. - Probability of picking $$H$$: $$\frac{1}{2}$$ - Probability of picking a number from **Box Q** ($$5, 9$$): $$\frac{2}{5}$$ Thus, the total probability is: $$P(\text{number and letter}) = \left( \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} \right) + \left( \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{5} \right) = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{2}{10} = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5}$$ Finding a common denominator (20): $$P(\text{number and letter}) = \frac{5}{20} + \frac{4}{20} = \frac{9}{20}$$ --- ### Final Answers: 1. **Probability that both cards are labeled with letters**: $$\frac{11}{20}$$ 2. **Probability that one card is labeled with a number and the other with a letter**: $$\frac{9}{20}$$ --- Let me know if you'd like further clarification or additional details. Here are five related questions: 1. What is the probability of drawing a number from both boxes? 2. How does the probability change if an additional card is added to Box A? 3. What if Box P only contained letters? How would that affect the probabilities? 4. How would the probabilities differ if Box Q only had numbers? 5. What if Box A had three cards (two numbers and one letter)? How would the new probabilities be calculated? **Tip**: Always break the probability into individual outcomes and add them together to find the total probability.

Ask a new question for Free

By Image

Drop file here or Click Here to upload

Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Combinatorics

Formulas

Probability of an event P(A) = (number of favorable outcomes) / (total outcomes)

Theorems

Law of Total Probability

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12