Math Problem Statement

Construct a probability distribution of getting heads in a three-coin toss?

Solution

To construct the probability distribution of getting heads in a three-coin toss, we need to list all possible outcomes, count the number of heads in each outcome, and then find the probabilities for each possible number of heads.

Step 1: List all possible outcomes.

When tossing three coins, each coin can either be heads (H) or tails (T). The total number of possible outcomes is 23=82^3 = 8. Here are the outcomes:

  • HHH (3 heads)
  • HHT (2 heads)
  • HTH (2 heads)
  • HTT (1 head)
  • THH (2 heads)
  • THT (1 head)
  • TTH (1 head)
  • TTT (0 heads)

Step 2: Count the number of heads for each outcome.

  • 3 heads: HHH
  • 2 heads: HHT, HTH, THH
  • 1 head: HTT, THT, TTH
  • 0 heads: TTT

Step 3: Calculate the probabilities.

The probability of each individual outcome is 18\frac{1}{8}, since all outcomes are equally likely. Now, we group the outcomes by the number of heads and calculate the probability for each:

  • 0 heads: 1 outcome (TTT) → Probability P(X=0)=18P(X = 0) = \frac{1}{8}
  • 1 head: 3 outcomes (HTT, THT, TTH) → Probability P(X=1)=38P(X = 1) = \frac{3}{8}
  • 2 heads: 3 outcomes (HHT, HTH, THH) → Probability P(X=2)=38P(X = 2) = \frac{3}{8}
  • 3 heads: 1 outcome (HHH) → Probability P(X=3)=18P(X = 3) = \frac{1}{8}

Step 4: Probability Distribution Table

Number of Heads (X)Probability P(X)P(X)
018\frac{1}{8}
138\frac{3}{8}
238\frac{3}{8}
318\frac{1}{8}

This table represents the probability distribution of getting heads in a three-coin toss.

Would you like further details or have any questions on this?


Here are 5 related questions to expand on this:

  1. What is the expected number of heads in a three-coin toss?
  2. How would the distribution change for a four-coin toss?
  3. What is the probability of getting at least two heads?
  4. How can this distribution be modeled using a binomial distribution?
  5. What is the cumulative probability of getting fewer than 2 heads?

Tip: A binomial distribution can be used for any number of coin tosses, with heads or tails representing a success or failure in each trial.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Probability Distribution
Binomial Distribution

Formulas

P(X = k) = (n choose k) * p^k * (1-p)^(n-k)
P(X = k) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes

Theorems

Binomial Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 7-10