Math Problem Statement

  • Find an approximation for the root of x 3 + 4 x 2 − 10 = 0 using the Newton-Raphson method

with an initial estimate x0 = 1.5 and stopping at the first iteration that gives an estimate

accurate to at least three significant figures.

a) 1.373333333;

b) 1.6526201;

c) 1.36523001;

d)1.36519585

e) None of the above.

Solution

The Newton-Raphson method is given by the iteration formula:

xn+1=xnf(xn)f(xn)x_{n+1} = x_n - \frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)}

Step 1: Define the function and its derivative

Given equation:

f(x)=x3+4x210f(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - 10

Compute the derivative:

f(x)=3x2+8xf'(x) = 3x^2 + 8x

Step 2: Compute the first iteration

Initial guess:
x0=1.5x_0 = 1.5

Evaluate f(x0)f(x_0):

f(1.5)=(1.5)3+4(1.5)210f(1.5) = (1.5)^3 + 4(1.5)^2 - 10

=3.375+910=2.375= 3.375 + 9 - 10 = 2.375

Evaluate f(x0)f'(x_0):

f(1.5)=3(1.5)2+8(1.5)f'(1.5) = 3(1.5)^2 + 8(1.5)

=3(2.25)+12=6.75+12=18.75= 3(2.25) + 12 = 6.75 + 12 = 18.75

Compute the next approximation:

x1=1.52.37518.75x_1 = 1.5 - \frac{2.375}{18.75}

x1=1.50.12666667x_1 = 1.5 - 0.12666667

x1=1.37333333x_1 = 1.37333333

Step 3: Check Accuracy

Since x1=1.37333333x_1 = 1.37333333 is accurate to at least three significant figures (1.37), we stop here.

Step 4: Choose the correct answer

The correct answer is:
1.373333333(Option a)\boxed{1.373333333} \quad (\text{Option a})


Would you like a deeper explanation or another example?

Related Questions:

  1. What is the Newton-Raphson method used for in real-world applications?
  2. How do we determine if Newton-Raphson will converge to a root?
  3. What are the advantages of Newton-Raphson compared to other root-finding methods?
  4. What happens if the derivative f(x)f'(x) is close to zero?
  5. How can Newton-Raphson be modified for multiple roots?

Tip: Always check if the derivative is close to zero before applying Newton-Raphson, as it can lead to large errors or divergence.

Ask a new question for Free

By Image

Drop file here or Click Here to upload

Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Newton-Raphson Method
Root-Finding
Derivatives

Formulas

Newton-Raphson iteration formula: x_{n+1} = x_n - f(x_n) / f'(x_n)
f(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - 10
f'(x) = 3x^2 + 8x

Theorems

Newton-Raphson Convergence
Derivative-Based Root-Finding

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12