Math Problem Statement

Find d^2y/dx^2 implicitly in terms of x and y. The equation given is x^2y - 3x = 6.

Solution

The problem asks us to implicitly differentiate d2ydx2\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} from the equation:

x2y3x=6x^2 y - 3x = 6

Step 1: First derivative ( dydx\frac{dy}{dx} )

Differentiate both sides of the equation implicitly with respect to xx:

ddx(x2y3x)=ddx(6)\frac{d}{dx}(x^2 y - 3x) = \frac{d}{dx}(6)

Using the product rule for the term x2yx^2 y and applying simple differentiation for 3x3x, we get:

2xy+x2dydx3=02x y + x^2 \frac{dy}{dx} - 3 = 0

Now, solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}:

x2dydx=2xy+3x^2 \frac{dy}{dx} = -2x y + 3 dydx=2xy+3x2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-2x y + 3}{x^2}

Step 2: Second derivative ( d2ydx2\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} )

Now, differentiate dydx\frac{dy}{dx} implicitly again with respect to xx:

d2ydx2=ddx(2xy+3x2)\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{-2x y + 3}{x^2} \right)

Apply the quotient rule to differentiate the right-hand side:

ddx(2xy+3x2)=(x2)(ddx(2xy+3))(2xy+3)(ddx(x2))(x2)2\frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{-2x y + 3}{x^2} \right) = \frac{(x^2)(\frac{d}{dx}(-2x y + 3)) - (-2x y + 3)(\frac{d}{dx}(x^2))}{(x^2)^2}

First, differentiate the numerator (2xy+3)(-2x y + 3): ddx(2xy+3)=2(y+xdydx)\frac{d}{dx}(-2x y + 3) = -2 \left( y + x \frac{dy}{dx} \right)

Now, substitute this into the formula for the quotient rule:

d2ydx2=x2(2(y+xdydx))(2xy+3)(2x)x4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{x^2 (-2 (y + x \frac{dy}{dx})) - (-2x y + 3)(2x)}{x^4}

Simplify the expression:

d2ydx2=2x2(y+xdydx)+4x2y6xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{-2x^2 (y + x \frac{dy}{dx}) + 4x^2 y - 6x}{x^4} d2ydx2=2x3dydx6xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{-2x^3 \frac{dy}{dx} - 6x}{x^4} Finally, plug in dydx=2xy+3x2\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-2x y + 3}{x^2} into the expression:

d2ydx2=2x3(2xy+3x2)6xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{-2x^3 \left( \frac{-2x y + 3}{x^2} \right) - 6x}{x^4} Simplify this expression:

d2ydx2=2x(2xy+3)6xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{-2x \left( -2x y + 3 \right) - 6x}{x^4} d2ydx2=4x2y6x6xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{4x^2 y - 6x - 6x}{x^4} d2ydx2=4x2y12xx4\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{4x^2 y - 12x}{x^4} Finally:

d2ydx2=4y12/xx2\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} = \frac{4y - 12/x}{x^2}

Thus, the second derivative is:

4y12xx2\boxed{\frac{4y - \frac{12}{x}}{x^2}}

Let me know if you'd like more details or have questions! Here are 5 related questions:

  1. How do you apply the product rule to implicitly differentiate?
  2. What is the quotient rule and how does it apply here?
  3. How do you simplify expressions when differentiating?
  4. How can you find the second derivative from an implicit function?
  5. Why do we use implicit differentiation in this case?

Tip: When using implicit differentiation, always treat yy as a function of xx even if it doesn't look explicit.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Implicit Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule
Second Derivative

Formulas

Product Rule: d(uv)/dx = u'v + uv'
Quotient Rule: d(u/v)/dx = (v u' - u v')/v^2
Implicit Differentiation: dy/dx in terms of y treated as a function of x

Theorems

Implicit Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule

Suitable Grade Level

College Calculus