1 Find the value of 𝑐 for which the vectors (1, 𝑐, 1) and (1, √2, 1) are orthogonal
(perpendicular).

To find the value of \( c \) for which the vectors \( \mathbf{v_1} = (1, c, 1) \) and \( \mathbf{v_2} = (1, \sqrt{2}, 1) \) are orthogonal, we need to use the fact that two vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero.

The dot product of two vectors \( \mathbf{v_1} = (v_{1x}, v_{1y}, v_{1z}) \) and \( \mathbf{v_2} = (v_{2x}, v_{2y}, v_{2z}) \) is given by:

\[
\mathbf{v_1} \cdot \mathbf{v_2} = v_{1x} \cdot v_{2x} + v_{1y} \cdot v_{2y} + v_{1z} \cdot v_{2z}
\]

Substituting the given vectors:

\[
\mathbf{v_1} \cdot \mathbf{v_2} = 1 \cdot 1 + c \cdot \sqrt{2} + 1 \cdot 1
\]

Simplifying:

\[
1 + c\sqrt{2} + 1 = 2 + c\sqrt{2}
\]

For the vectors to be orthogonal, their dot product must be zero:

\[
2 + c\sqrt{2} = 0
\]

Solve for \( c \):

\[
c\sqrt{2} = -2
\]

\[
c = \frac{-2}{\sqrt{2}}
\]

Simplify further:

\[
c = \frac{-2}{\sqrt{2}} = -\sqrt{2}
\]

So, the value of \( c \) is \( \boxed{-\sqrt{2}} \).

Would you like more details or have any questions?

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Here are 8 related questions you might find interesting:

1. What are the general conditions for two vectors to be parallel?
2. How do you find the angle between two vectors using their dot product?
3. Can two non-zero vectors be orthogonal and parallel at the same time?
4. How do you normalize a vector?
5. What is the geometric interpretation of the cross product of two vectors?
6. How can you determine if three vectors are coplanar?
7. What is the significance of the magnitude of a vector in physics?
8. How do you find the projection of one vector onto another?

**Tip:** Remember that the dot product of two vectors is a scalar quantity, while the cross product results in a vector.

Learn how to find the value of c for which the vectors (1, c, 1) and (1, √2, 1) are orthogonal. Understand the concept of orthogonality between vectors and use the dot product formula to derive the solution. Suitable for advanced high school students.

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