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The problem asks to find the floor where apartment number 31 is located in a 16-story building. The building has 6 apartments on the first floor, and each of the remaining floors has 8 apartments. The numbering starts from apartment number 1 on the first floor and continues sequentially to the last floor.

Let's break it down:

1. **First floor**: 
   - There are 6 apartments (from apartment 1 to apartment 6).

2. **Remaining floors (from floor 2 to 16)**:
   - Each floor has 8 apartments.

### Steps to solve:

- Apartment 31 is beyond the first floor, so we calculate how many apartments remain after the first 6 apartments.

- **Remaining apartments after the first floor**: \( 31 - 6 = 25 \) apartments.

- Now, we need to determine how many full floors (starting from the 2nd floor) can be filled by these 25 apartments:
  - Each floor has 8 apartments.

  So, the number of floors filled by the 25 apartments:
  \[
  \frac{25}{8} = 3 \text{ full floors} \text{ with some remainder.}
  \]

  - These 3 full floors account for 24 apartments (8 apartments per floor).

  - After 3 full floors, 1 apartment remains.

Thus, apartment 31 is located on the next floor after the 3rd floor, which is the **4th floor**.

### Final Answer:
Apartment number 31 is located on the **4th floor**, which corresponds to answer **B (4)**.

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Let me know if you need more details or have any further questions! Here are some related questions to deepen your understanding:

1. How many apartments are on the last floor of the building?
2. If there were only 5 apartments on the first floor, on which floor would apartment 31 be?
3. What is the total number of apartments in the entire building?
4. How many apartments would be on the 10th floor if each floor had 10 apartments instead of 8?
5. On which floor would apartment number 50 be located?

**Tip**: When solving problems involving floors and apartments, breaking the problem into smaller parts, such as focusing on one floor or a group of floors, can make the calculation simpler and more manageable.

Learn how to find the floor where apartment number 31 is located in a building with 16 floors and specific apartment arrangements. This problem involves arithmetic calculations and understanding floor divisions. Suitable for students in Grades 4-6.

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