Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the integral \( \int_0^{\log 2} \int_0^x \int_0^{x+\log 2} e^{x+y+z} dz \ dy \ dx \).

Solution

Let's evaluate the given triple integral:

I=0log20x0x+log2ex+y+zdzdydx.I = \int_0^{\log 2} \int_0^x \int_0^{x+\log 2} e^{x+y+z} \, dz \, dy \, dx.

Step 1: Compute the Inner Integral

The innermost integral is:

0x+log2ex+y+zdz.\int_0^{x+\log 2} e^{x+y+z} \, dz.

Since ex+y+ze^{x+y+z} is independent of zz, we integrate:

0x+log2ex+y+zdz=ex+y0x+log2ezdz.\int_0^{x+\log 2} e^{x+y+z} \, dz = e^{x+y} \int_0^{x+\log 2} e^z \, dz.

Evaluating the integral,

ezdz=ez.\int e^z \, dz = e^z.

So,

ex+y[ez]0x+log2=ex+y(ex+log2e0).e^{x+y} \left[ e^z \right]_0^{x+\log 2} = e^{x+y} \left( e^{x+\log 2} - e^0 \right).

Since ex+log2=exelog2=2exe^{x+\log 2} = e^x e^{\log 2} = 2 e^x, we get:

ex+y(2ex1).e^{x+y} \left( 2e^x - 1 \right).

Step 2: Compute the Middle Integral

Now, integrate with respect to yy:

0xex+y(2ex1)dy.\int_0^x e^{x+y} (2e^x - 1) \, dy.

Since (2ex1)(2e^x - 1) is constant with respect to yy, we get:

(2ex1)ex0xeydy.(2e^x - 1) e^x \int_0^x e^y \, dy.

Evaluating,

eydy=ey.\int e^y \, dy = e^y.

So,

(2ex1)ex[ey]0x=(2ex1)ex(ex1).(2e^x - 1) e^x \left[ e^y \right]_0^x = (2e^x - 1) e^x \left( e^x - 1 \right).

Expanding,

(2ex1)(e2xex)=2e3xe2x2e2x+ex.(2e^x - 1) (e^{2x} - e^x) = 2e^{3x} - e^{2x} - 2e^{2x} + e^x.

=2e3x3e2x+ex.= 2e^{3x} - 3e^{2x} + e^x.

Step 3: Compute the Outer Integral

0log2(2e3x3e2x+ex)dx.\int_0^{\log 2} (2e^{3x} - 3e^{2x} + e^x) \, dx.

Computing term by term:

  1. e3xdx=e3x3\int e^{3x} \, dx = \frac{e^{3x}}{3},
  2. e2xdx=e2x2\int e^{2x} \, dx = \frac{e^{2x}}{2},
  3. exdx=ex\int e^x \, dx = e^x.

Evaluating from 00 to log2\log 2:

  1. [e3x3]0log2=e3log23e03=23313=8313=73\left[ \frac{e^{3x}}{3} \right]_0^{\log 2} = \frac{e^{3\log 2}}{3} - \frac{e^0}{3} = \frac{2^3}{3} - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{8}{3} - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{7}{3},
  2. [e2x2]0log2=e2log22e02=22212=4212=32\left[ \frac{e^{2x}}{2} \right]_0^{\log 2} = \frac{e^{2\log 2}}{2} - \frac{e^0}{2} = \frac{2^2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{4}{2} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{2},
  3. [ex]0log2=elog2e0=21=1\left[ e^x \right]_0^{\log 2} = e^{\log 2} - e^0 = 2 - 1 = 1.

Now compute:

2×733×32+1.2 \times \frac{7}{3} - 3 \times \frac{3}{2} + 1.

14392+1.\frac{14}{3} - \frac{9}{2} + 1.

Convert to a common denominator (6):

286276+66=2827+66=76.\frac{28}{6} - \frac{27}{6} + \frac{6}{6} = \frac{28 - 27 + 6}{6} = \frac{7}{6}.

Final Answer:

76.\frac{7}{6}.

Would you like further clarifications? Here are some related questions:

  1. How do you change the order of integration in triple integrals?
  2. What are some real-world applications of triple integrals?
  3. How do you evaluate triple integrals in spherical or cylindrical coordinates?
  4. How does the Jacobian factor affect changing variables in multiple integrals?
  5. What happens when the limits of integration are functions instead of constants?

Tip: Always check whether changing the order of integration simplifies the evaluation of a multiple integral.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Triple integrals
Exponential functions

Formulas

\( \int e^x dx = e^x + C \)
\( e^{a+b+c} = e^a e^b e^c \)

Theorems

Linearity of integration

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Calculus