Math Problem Statement

Evaluate the double integral: \( \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1+x^2}} \frac{1}{1+x^2+y^2} \, dy \, dx \).

Solution

The given integral is:

010111+x2+y2dxdy\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1 + x^2 + y^2} \, dx \, dy

Steps to Solve:

  1. Understand the limits and symmetry:

    • The integration is over xx and yy with both limits ranging from 0 to 1. The function is symmetric in terms of xx and yy, so their order does not matter.
  2. Rearrange the integrand:

    • The integrand is 11+x2+y2\frac{1}{1 + x^2 + y^2}.
  3. Set up the integration:

    • The integral can be written as: 010111+x2+y2dxdy\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1 + x^2 + y^2} \, dx \, dy
    • First, integrate with respect to xx, keeping yy constant: 0101dx1+x2+y2dy\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{1 + x^2 + y^2} dy
  4. Simplify inner integral:

    • The inner integral is: 01dx1+x2+y2\int_{0}^{1} \frac{dx}{1 + x^2 + y^2}
    • Perform a substitution u=1+x2+y2u = 1 + x^2 + y^2, hence du=2xdxdu = 2x \, dx.
  5. Iterate through computation:

    • After solving the inner integral, substitute back into the outer integral to compute the value for yy.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Double Integration
Iterated Integrals
Change of Variables

Formulas

\( \int \frac{dx}{a^2 + x^2} = \frac{1}{a} \arctan \frac{x}{a} + C \)

Theorems

Fubini's Theorem

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate Level