Math Problem Statement

Find the center and Radius of Convergence of sum n = 0 to ∞ (n + 5i)/((2n)!) * (z - i) ^ n

Solution

We are given the series:

n=0(n+5i)(2n)!(zi)n\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(n + 5i)}{(2n)!} \cdot (z - i)^n

Step 1: Identify the General Form

This is a power series of the form:

n=0an(zi)n\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n (z - i)^n

where the coefficients ana_n are given by:

an=n+5i(2n)!a_n = \frac{n + 5i}{(2n)!}

Step 2: Find the Radius of Convergence

To find the radius of convergence RR, we can use the Ratio Test. The Ratio Test gives the radius of convergence using the formula:

1R=limnan+1an\frac{1}{R} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right|

Now, let's compute the ratio an+1an\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}:

an+1=(n+1+5i)(2(n+1))!=(n+1+5i)(2n+2)!a_{n+1} = \frac{(n + 1 + 5i)}{(2(n+1))!} = \frac{(n + 1 + 5i)}{(2n + 2)!}

Thus, the ratio is:

an+1an=(n+1+5i)(2n+2)!(2n)!n+5i\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = \frac{(n + 1 + 5i)}{(2n + 2)!} \cdot \frac{(2n)!}{n + 5i}

Simplify this expression:

an+1an=(n+1+5i)(n+5i)1(2n+2)(2n+1)\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = \frac{(n + 1 + 5i)}{(n + 5i)} \cdot \frac{1}{(2n+2)(2n+1)}

As nn \to \infty, the term (n+1+5i)(n+5i)1\frac{(n + 1 + 5i)}{(n + 5i)} \to 1, and the remaining part:

1(2n+2)(2n+1)14n2\frac{1}{(2n+2)(2n+1)} \sim \frac{1}{4n^2}

So:

limnan+1an=limn14n2=0\lim_{n \to \infty} \left| \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} \right| = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{1}{4n^2} = 0

Therefore, the radius of convergence is:

R=R = \infty

Step 3: Find the Center of Convergence

The center of the series is at the point z=iz = i, because the series is written in the form (zi)n(z - i)^n, indicating the expansion is centered around z=iz = i.

Final Answer:

  • The center of convergence is z=iz = i.
  • The radius of convergence is R=R = \infty.

Would you like further details on the steps or any additional questions? Here are 5 related questions to explore:

  1. How can we confirm the convergence of the series at z=iz = i?
  2. What happens if the series had been centered around a different value, say z=0z = 0?
  3. Can the Ratio Test be applied to other power series with different forms of coefficients?
  4. How can we calculate the sum of the series for specific values of zz?
  5. What other tests can be used to determine the radius of convergence?

Tip: When working with power series, always remember that the Ratio Test works well, but sometimes other tests like the Root Test can be used if the coefficients have a more complex structure.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Power Series
Radius of Convergence
Complex Numbers
Ratio Test

Formulas

Sum of power series
Radius of Convergence (Ratio Test): 1/R = lim (n → ∞) |a_{n+1}/a_n|

Theorems

Ratio Test for Convergence
Power Series Expansion

Suitable Grade Level

Undergraduate (Advanced Mathematics or Complex Analysis)