To find the maximum error based on the measured value and percentage error, you can use the formula:

$\text{Maximum Error} = \left(\frac{\text{Percentage Error}}{100}\right) \times \text{Measured Value}$

Given:

• Measured Value = 40 kg
• Percentage Error = 0.125%

Now, substitute the values into the formula:

$\text{Maximum Error} = \left(\frac{0.125}{100}\right) \times 40$

Calculating this gives:

$\text{Maximum Error} = 0.00125 \times 40 = 0.05 \text{ kg}$

Thus, the maximum error is 0.05 kg.

Would you like more details or have any questions? Here are some related questions for further exploration:

1. How do you calculate absolute error from maximum error?
2. What is the significance of percentage error in scientific measurements?
3. Can you explain how maximum error affects the overall accuracy of measurements?
4. How would you apply these concepts in a practical scenario, like weighing substances?
5. What are some common sources of error in measurement?

Tip: Always consider both systematic and random errors when evaluating measurement accuracy.