Math Problem Statement

A  parallel system  of three components functions whenever at least one of its components works. Suppose that each component independently  works with probability 0.85.  What is the probability that the system is functioning?  Enter your answer with at least two digits after the decimal, may use standard rounding rule. 

Solution

To determine the probability that the parallel system is functioning, we need to calculate the probability that at least one of its components is working. We can do this by first calculating the probability that none of the components are working and then subtracting this from 1.

Let P(A)P(A) be the probability that a component works, which is given as 0.85.

The probability that a component does not work is: P(Ac)=1P(A)=10.85=0.15P(A^c) = 1 - P(A) = 1 - 0.85 = 0.15

Since the components are independent, the probability that none of the three components work is: P(none work)=P(Ac)×P(Ac)×P(Ac)=0.15×0.15×0.15=0.153=0.003375P(\text{none work}) = P(A^c) \times P(A^c) \times P(A^c) = 0.15 \times 0.15 \times 0.15 = 0.15^3 = 0.003375

The probability that at least one component is working is: P(at least one works)=1P(none work)=10.003375=0.996625P(\text{at least one works}) = 1 - P(\text{none work}) = 1 - 0.003375 = 0.996625

Thus, the probability that the system is functioning is approximately: 0.99660.9966

Would you like more details or have any questions? Here are some related questions you might find useful:

  1. What is the difference between series and parallel systems in reliability engineering?
  2. How do you calculate the reliability of a system with components in series?
  3. What is the impact of component independence on system reliability?
  4. Can you explain the concept of redundancy in engineering systems?
  5. How would the probability change if the components were not independent?
  6. What are some real-life applications of parallel systems?
  7. How can you improve the reliability of a system with multiple components?
  8. What is the difference between "at least one" and "exactly one" in probability calculations?

Tip: In reliability engineering, understanding the difference between series and parallel configurations is crucial. In a series system, all components must work for the system to function, while in a parallel system, only one component needs to work.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Probability
Independent Events
Complementary Events

Formulas

Probability of independent events
Complementary probability

Theorems

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Suitable Grade Level

High School