Math Problem Statement

A volume is described as follows: The base is the region bounded by y = 9 −1^x2 and y= 0, and every cross section parallel to the x -axis is a right triangle whose height and base are equal, and the base of the right triangle lies along the base of the region.

Find the volume of this object.

Volume =

Solution

We are given a solid whose base is the region bounded by y=9x2y = 9 - x^2 and y=0y = 0, and every cross-section parallel to the xx-axis is a right triangle with equal height and base, where the base of the right triangle lies along the base of the region.

Step 1: Determine the bounds of the base region.

The base of the region is bounded by the parabola y=9x2y = 9 - x^2 and the xx-axis (y=0y = 0).

The region of interest spans from where the parabola intersects the xx-axis. Setting y=0y = 0 in the equation 9x2=09 - x^2 = 0 gives:

x2=9    x=±3x^2 = 9 \implies x = \pm 3

So, the region is bounded by x=3x = -3 and x=3x = 3.

Step 2: Cross-sectional area of the right triangle.

At each xx, the cross-section is a right triangle. The base of this triangle is the distance between the xx-axis and the curve y=9x2y = 9 - x^2, which is 9x29 - x^2. Since the height and base of the triangle are equal, the height is also 9x29 - x^2.

The area A(x)A(x) of a right triangle is given by:

A(x)=12×base×height=12×(9x2)×(9x2)A(x) = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} = \frac{1}{2} \times (9 - x^2) \times (9 - x^2)

A(x)=12(9x2)2A(x) = \frac{1}{2} (9 - x^2)^2

Step 3: Set up the integral for the volume.

The volume VV of the solid is the integral of the area of the cross-sections from x=3x = -3 to x=3x = 3:

V=33A(x)dx=3312(9x2)2dxV = \int_{-3}^{3} A(x) \, dx = \int_{-3}^{3} \frac{1}{2} (9 - x^2)^2 \, dx

Step 4: Simplify and evaluate the integral.

We can simplify the integral further by expanding (9x2)2(9 - x^2)^2:

(9x2)2=8118x2+x4(9 - x^2)^2 = 81 - 18x^2 + x^4

So the volume integral becomes:

V=1233(8118x2+x4)dxV = \frac{1}{2} \int_{-3}^{3} (81 - 18x^2 + x^4) \, dx

Since the integrand contains only even powers of xx, we can use symmetry to simplify the calculation. We can double the integral from 00 to 33:

V=12×203(8118x2+x4)dxV = \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \int_{0}^{3} (81 - 18x^2 + x^4) \, dx

V=03(8118x2+x4)dxV = \int_{0}^{3} (81 - 18x^2 + x^4) \, dx

Step 5: Compute the integral.

Now, we integrate each term:

0381dx=81x03=81(3)81(0)=243\int_{0}^{3} 81 \, dx = 81x \Big|_0^3 = 81(3) - 81(0) = 243

0318x2dx=18(x33)03=18(273)=18(9)=162\int_{0}^{3} -18x^2 \, dx = -18 \left( \frac{x^3}{3} \right) \Big|_0^3 = -18 \left( \frac{27}{3} \right) = -18(9) = -162

03x4dx=x5503=2435\int_{0}^{3} x^4 \, dx = \frac{x^5}{5} \Big|_0^3 = \frac{243}{5}

Step 6: Combine the results.

Summing up the integrals:

V=243162+2435V = 243 - 162 + \frac{243}{5}

Now, simplify:

V=81+2435=4055+2435=6485V = 81 + \frac{243}{5} = \frac{405}{5} + \frac{243}{5} = \frac{648}{5}

Thus, the volume of the solid is:

6485cubic units\boxed{\frac{648}{5} \, \text{cubic units}}

Would you like further details or clarification? Here are some related questions:

  1. What if the cross-sections were equilateral triangles?
  2. How would the volume change if the parabola were shifted vertically?
  3. What if the cross-sections were semicircles instead of triangles?
  4. How do we find the surface area of this object?
  5. How would the bounds change if the curve were y=x29y = x^2 - 9?

Tip: When computing volumes using cross-sections, always verify the region and shape of the cross-section carefully.

Ask a new question for Free

By Image

Drop file here or Click Here to upload

Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Calculus
Volume by Cross-Sections
Parabolas
Right Triangles

Formulas

Area of a right triangle: A = 1/2 * base * height
Volume of a solid: V = ∫ A(x) dx
Equation of a parabola: y = 9 - x^2

Theorems

Symmetry of even functions in integration
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Suitable Grade Level

College Calculus or Advanced High School