Let's go through the questions one by one:

(a) Jenny has recorded her golf score for each round she's played this year. Which measure gives the score she shot the most often?

• The question asks for the score Jenny shot the most often. This corresponds to the mode, which is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
• Correct Answer: Mode

(b) In Prof. Phillips's class, the 9 students had the following scores on the last midterm: 80, 127, 128, 131, 133, 140, 141, 143, 144. Which measure should be used to summarize the data?

• In this case, the scores are spread out and there is no repeated value, so the mode is not useful.
• The mean would be influenced by the single low score of 80, so it's not the best representation either.
• The median would give a better central value without being affected by the outlier (the 80).
• Correct Answer: Median

(c) In a survey, 9 people gave the following ratings for a local politician (on a scale of 0 to 10): 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54. Which measure should be used to summarize the data?

• Similar to question (b), the ratings are distributed without outliers, so the median is a good choice as it represents the middle value, and it's not affected by extreme values as the mean would be.
• Correct Answer: Median

If you have any questions or need further details, feel free to ask! Here are some related questions:

1. What is the difference between mean, median, and mode?
2. When is it more appropriate to use the median instead of the mean?
3. Can the mode be used for all types of data sets?
4. How can outliers affect the mean?
5. What is the best measure of central tendency for skewed data?

Tip: Always consider the nature of the data (e.g., presence of outliers, skewness) when choosing the most appropriate measure of central tendency.