What is a Matrix?

A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. Matrices are fundamental in various fields of mathematics and engineering, and they are used to represent and solve systems of linear equations, perform linear transformations, and handle data in fields like computer graphics, physics, economics, and statistics.

Structure of a Matrix:

• A matrix is typically denoted by a capital letter (e.g., A, B, C).
• The numbers within the matrix are called elements or entries.
• The size or dimension of a matrix is given by the number of rows and columns it contains. For example, a matrix with 3 rows and 2 columns is called a "3×2 matrix."

A matrix A with elements aᵢⱼ (where i is the row number and j is the column number) can be written as:

[ \mathbf{A} = \begin{bmatrix}