{}_{18}^{40}X and {}_{20}^{40}Y are examples of

Isobars

Isotopes

Isotones

Isomers

The correct answer is **Isobars**.

### Explanation:
- **Isobars** are atoms of different elements that have the same mass number (A) but different atomic numbers (Z). In this case:
  - \( {}_{18}^{40}X \) and \( {}_{20}^{40}Y \) both have the same mass number, which is 40, but different atomic numbers, 18 and 20, respectively.

- **Isotopes** are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

- **Isotones** are atoms with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers.

- **Isomers** are molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space.

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Here are 5 related questions for further exploration:
1. What are some examples of isotopes, and how do they differ from isobars?
2. How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope or isobar?
3. What are the practical applications of isobars in nuclear physics?
4. Can you give an example of isotones and explain their significance?
5. How do isomers differ in terms of chemical and physical properties?

**Tip:** When identifying isobars, always check if the mass number (A) is the same while the atomic number (Z) is different.

Explore the concept of isobars in nuclear physics with detailed explanations and examples. Understand how atoms of different elements can have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. Ideal for advanced high school students studying atomic structure and nuclear physics.

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