Math Problem Statement

Two blocks, with masses 4.00 kg and 8.00 kg, are connected by a string and slide down a 30.0° inclined plane. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the 4.00 kg block and the plane is 0.250; that between the 8.00 kg block and the plane is 0.350.

Solution

To solve this problem involving two blocks connected by a string on an inclined plane with friction, let's analyze each part systematically.

Given Data:

  • Mass of the smaller block m1=4.00kgm_1 = 4.00 \, \text{kg}
  • Mass of the larger block m2=8.00kgm_2 = 8.00 \, \text{kg}
  • Angle of the incline θ=30\theta = 30^\circ
  • Coefficient of kinetic friction for the 4.00 kg block μ1=0.250\mu_1 = 0.250
  • Coefficient of kinetic friction for the 8.00 kg block μ2=0.350\mu_2 = 0.350

Step-by-Step Solution:

Part A: Calculate the Acceleration of the Smaller Block (4 kg)

  1. Forces on the smaller block:

    • Gravitational force component along the incline: Fg1=m1gsin(θ)F_{g1} = m_1 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta)
    • Frictional force opposing motion: Ff1=μ1m1gcos(θ)F_{f1} = \mu_1 \cdot m_1 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta)
  2. Net force on the smaller block:

    • Fnet1=Fg1Ff1TF_{\text{net1}} = F_{g1} - F_{f1} - T, where TT is the tension in the string.
  3. Equation for the acceleration: Using F=maF = m \cdot a, we get: m1a=m1gsin(θ)μ1m1gcos(θ)Tm_1 \cdot a = m_1 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_1 \cdot m_1 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta) - T

Since the two blocks are connected, they will share the same acceleration. This leads us to calculate the acceleration of the system as a whole.

Part B: Calculate the Acceleration of the Larger Block (8 kg)

  1. Forces on the larger block:

    • Gravitational force component along the incline: Fg2=m2gsin(θ)F_{g2} = m_2 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta)
    • Frictional force opposing motion: Ff2=μ2m2gcos(θ)F_{f2} = \mu_2 \cdot m_2 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta)
  2. Net force on the larger block:

    • Fnet2=Fg2Ff2+TF_{\text{net2}} = F_{g2} - F_{f2} + T

Combined Equation for the System

The total force for the system (both blocks) is: Fnet=Fnet1+Fnet2F_{\text{net}} = F_{\text{net1}} + F_{\text{net2}}

The system's total force FnetF_{\text{net}} can be expressed as: (m1+m2)a=(m1gsin(θ)μ1m1gcos(θ))+(m2gsin(θ)μ2m2gcos(θ))(m_1 + m_2) \cdot a = (m_1 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_1 \cdot m_1 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta)) + (m_2 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_2 \cdot m_2 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta))

Solving for aa gives: a=(m1gsin(θ)μ1m1gcos(θ))+(m2gsin(θ)μ2m2gcos(θ))m1+m2a = \frac{(m_1 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_1 \cdot m_1 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta)) + (m_2 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_2 \cdot m_2 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta))}{m_1 + m_2}

Part C: Calculate the Tension in the String

  1. Using the acceleration value obtained from the combined system analysis, substitute it back into the equation of one block (for example, the 4 kg block) to solve for TT.
  2. Rearranging for TT in the equation for the 4 kg block: T=m1gsin(θ)μ1m1gcos(θ)m1aT = m_1 \cdot g \cdot \sin(\theta) - \mu_1 \cdot m_1 \cdot g \cdot \cos(\theta) - m_1 \cdot a

Let's calculate each of these values step-by-step.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Newton's Laws of Motion
Inclined Planes
Kinetic Friction
System of Connected Objects

Formulas

Gravitational force component along incline: F_g = m * g * sin(θ)
Frictional force: F_f = μ * m * g * cos(θ)
Net force for each block: F_net = m * a
Acceleration of the system: a = (F_net1 + F_net2) / (m1 + m2)
Tension in the string: T = m1 * g * sin(θ) - μ1 * m1 * g * cos(θ) - m1 * a

Theorems

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Suitable Grade Level

Grade 11-12 or Introductory College Physics