Suppose that a line has been observed 10 times using the same equipment and procedures. The results in ft. are shown below. It is assumed that no mistakes exist and that the observations have already been corrected the error having 50% probability. 538.57,538.39,538.37,538.39,538.48,538.49,538.33,538.46,538.47,538.55

To analyze the given data of line observations, let's calculate some common statistics that help summarize the data and assess its variability. These statistics include:

1. **Mean (Average)**: It gives us a central value for the observed data.
2. **Variance**: It shows the spread or dispersion of the observations from the mean.
3. **Standard Deviation**: It provides the average amount by which observations deviate from the mean.
4. **Median**: This is the middle value when the data is arranged in increasing order.
5. **Range**: It shows the difference between the maximum and minimum observations.

The observed line lengths (in feet) are:  
\[ 538.57, 538.39, 538.37, 538.39, 538.48, 538.49, 538.33, 538.46, 538.47, 538.55 \]

Let's compute these values.

### Step 1: Mean
The mean \(\mu\) is given by:
\[
\mu = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n}
\]
Where \(x_i\) are the individual observations, and \(n\) is the number of observations (here \(n = 10\)).

### Step 2: Variance
Variance \(\sigma^2\) is calculated using:
\[
\sigma^2 = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \mu)^2}{n}
\]
This helps in determining how spread out the values are around the mean.

### Step 3: Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance:
\[
\sigma = \sqrt{\sigma^2}
\]

### Step 4: Median
The median is the middle value when the data set is ordered from least to greatest.

### Step 5: Range
The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values:
\[
\text{Range} = \max(x_i) - \min(x_i)
\]

I'll calculate these values now.Here are the computed values based on the given dataHere are the computed values based on the given 

1. **Mean (Average)**: \( 538.45 \, \text{ft} \)
2. **Variance**: \( 0.00554 \, \text{ft}^2 \)
3. **Standard Deviation**: \( 0.0744 \, \text{ft} \)
4. **Median**: \( 538.465 \, \text{ft} \)
5. **Range**: \( 0.24 \, \text{ft} \)

These statistics provide an overview of the data's central tendency and spread. The small variance and standard deviation suggest that the observations are closely clustered around the mean.

Do you need more details or have any questions?

Here are 5 related questions to explore:
1. How does variance help assess the accuracy of repeated measurements?
2. What is the significance of the median in a dataset?
3. How would the presence of an outlier affect the mean and standard deviation?
4. In what practical situations is the range used as a measure of variability?
5. How do these statistics help in detecting errors in measurement procedures?

**Tip**: For a large dataset, the standard deviation gives a better idea of data spread than the range.

Analyze a dataset of 10 line observations using statistical measures like mean, variance, and standard deviation. Learn how to compute these values step-by-step. The data points include lengths like 538.57 ft, 538.39 ft, and others. This problem is suitable for Grades 9-12 students studying descriptive statistics.

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