Math Problem Statement
The problem asks you to sketch a possible graph of the function f(x) on the same grid, given that the graph provided is the derivative f'(x). Here's how you can reason through the sketch:
Key Concepts:
- Critical Points: These occur where f'(x) = 0. At these points, f(x) could have a local maximum, local minimum, or an inflection point.
- Increasing/Decreasing Behavior:
- Where f'(x) > 0, the function f(x) is increasing.
- Where f'(x) < 0, the function f(x) is decreasing.
- Concavity:
- Where f'(x) is increasing (i.e., the slope of f'(x) is positive), f(x) is concave up.
- Where f'(x) is decreasing (i.e., the slope of f'(x) is negative), f(x) is concave down.
Analyzing the Graph of f'(x):
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Intervals of Increase and Decrease:
- For x < -2, f'(x) < 0: f(x) is decreasing.
- From x = -2 to x = 1, f'(x) > 0: f(x) is increasing.
- For x > 1, f'(x) > 0 but increasing rapidly: f(x) continues to increase.
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Critical Points:
- At x = -2 and x = 1, f'(x) = 0: These are critical points where f(x) might have a local minimum or maximum, or possibly an inflection point.
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Concavity:
- From x = -3 to x = -1, f'(x) is increasing (positive slope), so f(x) is concave up.
- From x = -1 to x = 0, f'(x) is decreasing (negative slope), so f(x) is concave down.
- From x = 0 to x = 4, f'(x) is increasing rapidly, so f(x) is concave up.
Steps to Sketch f(x):
- Start at x = -3: Since f'(x) < 0, f(x) is decreasing. Draw a decreasing curve.
- At x = -2: f'(x) = 0, so f(x) reaches a local minimum. Start increasing the curve after this point.
- From x = -2 to x = 1: f(x) is increasing, but note the concavity changes at x = -1 from concave up to concave down.
- At x = 1: f'(x) = 0, and after this point, f(x) continues to increase. The function f(x) starts to curve upward more sharply due to the increasing derivative.
- Beyond x = 1: f(x) continues to increase rapidly and is concave up.
You should draw the graph accordingly on the same grid, with the key points and behavior in mind. The sketch will likely show a smooth curve that reflects the transition in the behavior of f(x) based on the analysis above.
Solution
To sketch a possible graph of based on the derivative , follow these detailed steps:
1. Identify Critical Points:
- Critical points occur where , as these are points where may have a local maximum, minimum, or inflection points.
- From the analysis, at and . These are key points on your graph.
2. Determine Increasing/Decreasing Intervals:
- For : , which means is decreasing in this interval.
- From to : , so is increasing over this interval.
- For : and increasing rapidly, meaning continues to increase, and its growth rate is accelerating.
3. Analyze Concavity (Curvature of ):
- For : Since is increasing, is concave up, so it bends upward.
- For : f'(x) is decreasing, so \( f(x) is concave down, meaning the graph bends downward.
- For : f'(x) is increasing, meaning \( f(x) is concave up again, with an upward bending shape.
4. Sketch the Graph:
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At : Mark a local minimum because and the function switches from decreasing to increasing.
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At : Another critical point where . After this point, the function continues to increase and becomes concave up due to the steep positive slope of .
The curve should:
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Start decreasing for ,
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Reach a minimum at ,
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Increase but bend upward (concave up) between and ,
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Bend downward (concave down) from to ,
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Sharply increase and bend upward (concave up) beyond .
This sketch would align with the behavior derived from the derivative . Would you like more details on how the graph might look, or any clarifications?
Here are some additional related questions for practice:
- How do you determine points of inflection from ?
- What is the significance of the concavity of on the graph?
- How does knowing the intervals of increasing and decreasing help sketch a graph?
- What do you conclude if is zero but does not change sign around that point?
- How can second derivative analysis () refine your graph of ?
Tip: Always look at critical points and the behavior of the derivative before and after them to decide the nature of local extrema or inflection points.
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Math Problem Analysis
Mathematical Concepts
Calculus
Critical Points
Concavity
Derivatives
Formulas
f'(x) = 0 for critical points
f'(x) > 0 indicates increasing behavior
f'(x) < 0 indicates decreasing behavior
f''(x) > 0 indicates concave up
f''(x) < 0 indicates concave down
Theorems
First Derivative Test
Second Derivative Test
Suitable Grade Level
Grades 11-12, College
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