Math Problem Statement

simplify ((P⟹Q)⟹P)⟹Q.

Solution

To simplify the expression ((PQ)P)Q\left((P \Rightarrow Q) \Rightarrow P\right) \Rightarrow Q, we can break it down using logical equivalences step by step.

  1. Rewrite implications in terms of disjunctions: The implication ABA \Rightarrow B is logically equivalent to ¬AB\neg A \vee B. So we can rewrite the expression as:

    ((¬PQ)P)Q\left((\neg P \vee Q) \Rightarrow P\right) \Rightarrow Q

  2. Apply the implication equivalence to (¬PQ)P(\neg P \vee Q) \Rightarrow P: Now rewrite the inner implication (¬PQ)P(\neg P \vee Q) \Rightarrow P:

    ¬(¬PQ)P\neg(\neg P \vee Q) \vee P

    By De Morgan's Law, ¬(¬PQ)\neg(\neg P \vee Q) is equivalent to ¬¬P¬Q\neg \neg P \wedge \neg Q, which simplifies to P¬QP \wedge \neg Q. So, the expression becomes:

    (P¬Q)P(P \wedge \neg Q) \vee P

  3. Simplify (P¬Q)P(P \wedge \neg Q) \vee P: Using the distributive property, (P¬Q)P(P \wedge \neg Q) \vee P simplifies to just PP, because P(P¬Q)=PP \vee (P \wedge \neg Q) = P (since PP is already included in both terms).

    So, the expression simplifies to:

    PP

  4. Substitute back into the original expression: Now we substitute PP into the original outer implication:

    PQP \Rightarrow Q

  5. Final simplification: The expression PQP \Rightarrow Q is already in its simplest form, so the final simplified form of the entire expression is:

    PQP \Rightarrow Q

Final Answer:

(PQ)PQ simplifies to PQ.(P \Rightarrow Q) \Rightarrow P \Rightarrow Q \text{ simplifies to } P \Rightarrow Q.

Would you like more details or have any questions? Here are some related questions:

  1. What are some other common logical equivalences used in simplification?
  2. How can De Morgan's Laws help in simplifying logical expressions?
  3. Can the expression PQP \Rightarrow Q be expanded using different methods?
  4. What role does distributive property play in simplifying logical expressions?
  5. How does simplification impact the truth table of a logical statement?

Tip: When simplifying logical expressions, converting implications to disjunctions and using De Morgan's laws can greatly simplify your work.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Propositional Logic
Logical Equivalences
Implication
Disjunction

Formulas

Implication: A ⟹ B is equivalent to ¬A ∨ B
De Morgan's Law
Distributive Property

Theorems

De Morgan's Law
Implication Equivalence

Suitable Grade Level

University-level Logic or Advanced High School Math