Math Problem Statement

Simplify the following expression using 𝐾 −map; i. 𝑓(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑) = ∑𝑚(0, 1, 2 ,3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14)

Solution

To simplify the given function f(a,b,c,d)=m(0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12,14)f(a, b, c, d) = \sum m(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14) using a Karnaugh Map (K-map), we need to follow these steps:


Step 1: Construct the K-map

The K-map for a 4-variable function (a,b,c,da, b, c, d) is a 4x4 grid. Each cell corresponds to a minterm number. Here’s the typical layout of the cells:

CD\AB00011110
000132
014576
1112131514
10891110

Step 2: Mark the minterms in the K-map

Place 1s in the cells corresponding to the minterms 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12,140, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14. Remaining cells are filled with 0.

CD\AB00011110
001111
011001
111001
101111

Step 3: Group the 1s into rectangles

  1. Group 1 (8-cells): Combine all cells in rows 10 and 00. This group corresponds to a+ba' + b (since c,dc, d vary).
  2. Group 2 (4-cells): Combine (6, 14, 10, 2 \ ) .

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Boolean Algebra
Karnaugh Map Simplification

Formulas

Karnaugh Map Grouping
Minimization using Boolean expressions

Theorems

Consensus Theorem
Commutative and Associative Laws of Boolean Algebra

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 11-12 and College-level