Math Problem Statement

"ask: Brad has five weeks to prepare for his driving exam. His mother volunteered to drive with him for 15 minutes or half an hour each day until the exam, but no more than 15 hours in total. Show that during some period of consecutive days, Brad and his mother will drive for exactly eight and three-quarters hours.

Answer: The driving time is represented as S1, S2, S3, S4, ..., S35, where Sn is the total driving time from the first to the n-th day. We need to prove that there exists S(i) - S(j) = 8.75 (where i < j), as this means the subtotal from day i + 1 to day j. Each Sn mod 8.75 gives remainders in the range [0, 8.75), leading to 35 different values.

Thus, we have 35 cumulative sums (S1, S2, etc.) and 35 possible remainders. Let's consider two cases:

If there are at least two sums S(i) and S(j) that have the same remainder. Then S(i) = S(j) mod 8.75 ==> S(i) - S(j) = k * 8.75, where k is an integer. Since the total driving time is no more than 15, k must equal one, and thus S(i) - S(j) = 8.75, which is what we needed to prove.

If there are no two sums that have the same remainder, then there is a remainder from dividing Si by 8.75 that is guaranteed to be 0, which means Si = 8.75k for some integer k. Again, since k = 2 would exceed the limit of 15 hours (8.75 * 2 = 17.5 > 15), the only option for k is 1, which means Si = 8.75, indicating that the cumulative sum from day 1 to day i equals 8.75.

There are 35 sums and 35 different possible values when divided by 8.75. In the first case, we consider the scenario where there are 2 sums with the same remainder when divided by 8.75. In the second case, when there are no sums with the same remainder when divided by 8.75, this means that all 35 sums have a unique remainder when divided by 8.75 (which in turn also equals 35), meaning there is such a sum that when divided by 8.75 has a remainder of zero, which means Si = 8.75, indicating that the sum from day 1 to day i equals 8.75."

how to solve it using minutes(without converting to hours)?

Solution

To solve the problem using minutes without converting to hours, we follow a similar reasoning but use the unit of minutes throughout.

Restating the problem in minutes:

  • Brad's mother drives with him for either 15 minutes or 30 minutes each day.
  • Over 35 days, the total driving time is capped at 15 hours, which is equivalent to 900 minutes.
  • We need to show that during some consecutive period of days, the total driving time will be exactly 8.75 hours, which is equivalent to 525 minutes.

Solution in minutes:

  1. Define cumulative sums in minutes: Let SnS_n represent the cumulative driving time from day 1 to day nn (in minutes): Sn=t1+t2++tnS_n = t_1 + t_2 + \dots + t_n where each tk{15,30}t_k \in \{15, 30\} (the driving time on the kk-th day).

    The problem asks us to find two days ii and jj (where i<ji < j) such that: SjSi=525(minutes)S_j - S_i = 525 \quad \text{(minutes)}

    Equivalently, this means we are looking for two cumulative sums SjS_j and SiS_i such that: SjSi(mod525)S_j \equiv S_i \pmod{525}

  2. Apply the Pigeonhole Principle:

    • The possible remainders when dividing a number by 525525 are integers in the range [0,524][0, 524], so there are 525525 possible remainders.
    • However, there are 3535 days, and thus 3636 cumulative sums (S0=0,S1,S2,,S35S_0 = 0, S_1, S_2, \dots, S_{35}).
    • If any two cumulative sums SiS_i and SjS_j (with i<ji < j) have the same remainder modulo 525525, then: S_j - S_i = k \times 525 \quad \text{(where k is an integer)}. Since SjSiS_j - S_i represents driving time and cannot exceed 900900 minutes, the only possible value of kk is 11. Thus: SjSi=525.S_j - S_i = 525.
  3. Ensure total time constraint: The total driving time is at most 900900 minutes. If there is a remainder of 00 (i.e., Si0(mod525)S_i \equiv 0 \pmod{525}), this means Si=525S_i = 525, satisfying the condition immediately.

  4. Conclude the proof: Using the Pigeonhole Principle and modulo arithmetic, we have shown that either:

    • Two cumulative sums SiS_i and SjS_j will have the same remainder modulo 525525, or
    • One cumulative sum SiS_i will be exactly 525525, ensuring the existence of a consecutive driving period totaling 525 minutes.

Key Intuition:

By working in minutes and ensuring that the modulo condition aligns with the given time constraints, the solution directly parallels the logic in hours. The choice of 525525 (instead of 8.758.75) simplifies the arithmetic by eliminating fractional hours.

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Cumulative Sums
Modulo Arithmetic
Pigeonhole Principle

Formulas

S_n = t_1 + t_2 + ... + t_n (cumulative sum of daily times)
S_j - S_i = k * 525 (using modulo 525 to find matching remainders)

Theorems

Pigeonhole Principle
Properties of Modulo Arithmetic

Suitable Grade Level

Grades 10-12